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GSS 1972-2024 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3
Class Tax Levels
taxrichtaxes on high income people too high
Text of this Question or Item
Generally, how would you describe taxes in America today... We mean all taxes together, including social security, income tax, sales tax, and all the rest. A. First, for those with high incomes, are taxes . . .
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.6 | 696 | 1 | much too high | |
| 16.1 | 1,307 | 2 | too high | |
| 23.4 | 1,898 | 3 | about right | |
| 34.5 | 2,798 | 4 | too low | |
| 17.4 | 1,410 | 5 | much too low | |
| 508 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 59,998 | .i | iap | ||
| 219 | .n | no answer | ||
| 12 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
taxmidtaxes on middle income people too high
Text of this Question or Item
Generally, how would you describe taxes in America today... We mean all taxes together, including social security, income tax, sales tax, and all the rest. B. Next, for those with middle incomes, are taxes . . .
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14.7 | 815 | 1 | much too high | |
| 47.0 | 2,607 | 2 | too high | |
| 34.9 | 1,933 | 3 | about right | |
| 3.0 | 168 | 4 | too low | |
| 0.4 | 23 | 5 | much too low | |
| 188 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 63,042 | .i | iap | ||
| 70 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
taxpoortaxes on low income people too high
Text of this Question or Item
Generally, how would you describe taxes in America today... We mean all taxes together, including social security, income tax, sales tax, and all the rest. C. Lastly, for those with low incomes, are taxes . . .
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26.7 | 1,460 | 1 | much too high | |
| 38.3 | 2,098 | 2 | too high | |
| 29.5 | 1,616 | 3 | about right | |
| 4.2 | 230 | 4 | too low | |
| 1.4 | 74 | 5 | much too low | |
| 247 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 63,042 | .i | iap | ||
| 79 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
should rich pay bigger share of taxes?
Text of this Question or Item
Do you think that people with high incomes should pay a larger share of their income in taxes than those with low incomes, the same share, or a smaller share . . .
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24.4 | 1,315 | 1 | much larger share | |
| 43.2 | 2,331 | 2 | larger | |
| 30.1 | 1,624 | 3 | the same share | |
| 1.6 | 87 | 4 | smaller | |
| 0.6 | 35 | 5 | much smaller share | |
| 256 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 62,966 | .i | iap | ||
| 222 | .n | no answer | ||
| 10 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
Class Conflict
conwlthconflict between poor and rich in usa?
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . A. Poor people and rich people?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16.2 | 682 | 1 | very strong conflicts | |
| 47.0 | 1,978 | 2 | strong conflicts | |
| 33.7 | 1,419 | 3 | not very strong conflicts | |
| 3.1 | 132 | 4 | there are no conflicts | |
| 297 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 64,007 | .i | iap | ||
| 311 | .n | no answer | ||
| 20 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
conclassworking and middle classes in conflict?
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . B. The working class and the middle class?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.6 | 196 | 1 | very strong conflicts | |
| 22.7 | 964 | 2 | strong conflicts | |
| 62.3 | 2,639 | 3 | not very strong conflicts | |
| 10.4 | 440 | 4 | there are no conflicts | |
| 253 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 64,007 | .i | iap | ||
| 323 | .n | no answer | ||
| 24 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
conjobsemployed and unemployed in conflict
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . C. The unemployed and people with jobs?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.4 | 164 | 1 | very strong conflict | |
| 40.2 | 579 | 2 | strong conflict | |
| 40.8 | 588 | 3 | not strong conflict | |
| 7.7 | 111 | 4 | no conflict | |
| 65 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 57 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
conunionworkers and management in conflict?
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . D. Management and workers?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.6 | 449 | 1 | very strong conflicts | |
| 43.6 | 1,839 | 2 | strong conflicts | |
| 42.7 | 1,804 | 3 | not very strong conflicts | |
| 3.1 | 130 | 4 | there are no conflicts | |
| 275 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 64,007 | .i | iap | ||
| 327 | .n | no answer | ||
| 15 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
conurbanfarmer's and city people in conflict?
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . E. Farmers and city people?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.5 | 135 | 1 | very strong conflict | |
| 30.6 | 436 | 2 | strong conflict | |
| 46.9 | 669 | 3 | not strong conflict | |
| 13.0 | 185 | 4 | no conflict | |
| 93 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 46 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
Occupational Mobility
consocconflict between social top and bottom
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . F. People at the top of society and people at the bottom?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29.7 | 324 | 1 | very strong conflicts | |
| 42.3 | 461 | 2 | strong conflicts | |
| 25.1 | 274 | 3 | not very strong conflicts | |
| 2.9 | 32 | 4 | there are no conflicts | |
| 67 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 114 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
conageconflict between young and old
Text of this Question or Item
In all countries, there are differences or conflicts between different social groups. In your opinion, in America, how much conflict is there between . . . G. Young people and older people?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.1 | 256 | 1 | very strong conflicts | |
| 31.7 | 896 | 2 | strong conflicts | |
| 52.3 | 1,476 | 3 | not very strong conflicts | |
| 6.9 | 195 | 4 | there are no conflicts | |
| 162 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 273 | .n | no answer | ||
| 17 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
occmobilstatus of job higher than father's?
Text of this Question or Item
Please think of your present job (or your last one if you don't have one now). If you compare this job with the job your father had when you were 16, would you say that the level or status of your job is (or was) . . .
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20.0 | 526 | 1 | much higher than dad | |
| 26.8 | 706 | 2 | higher | |
| 23.4 | 617 | 3 | about equal | |
| 14.8 | 391 | 4 | lower | |
| 7.9 | 209 | 5 | much lower than dad | |
| 2.1 | 55 | 6 | r never had job | |
| 5.0 | 132 | 7 | no dad-never had job | |
| 66,010 | .i | iap | ||
| 200 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
pajobtype of job held by father when r 16
Text of this Question or Item
Here is a list of different types of jobs. Which type did your father have when you were 16. (If your father did not have a job then, please give the job he used to have.)
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.2 | 154 | 1 | prof or tech | |
| 3.9 | 53 | 2 | higher admin | |
| 3.6 | 50 | 3 | clerical | |
| 8.6 | 119 | 4 | sales | |
| 5.6 | 77 | 5 | service | |
| 20.5 | 282 | 6 | skilled worker | |
| 14.8 | 204 | 7 | semi-skilled worker | |
| 12.7 | 175 | 8 | unskilled worker | |
| 19.0 | 262 | 9 | farm | |
| 0.0 | 0 | 10 | no dad-never had job | |
| 67,470 | .i | iap | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
paslfwas father self-employed?
Text of this Question or Item
Here is a list of different types of jobs. Which type did your father have when you were 16. (If your father did not have a job then, please give the job he used to have.) A. Was your father self-employed, or did he work for someone else?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27.0 | 372 | 1 | self-employed | |
| 66.9 | 920 | 2 | someone else | |
| 6.1 | 84 | 3 | no dad-never had job | |
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 188 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
firstjobtype of first job held by r
Text of this Question or Item
And how about your first job -- the first job you had after you finished full-time education?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.7 | 229 | 1 | prof or tech | |
| 0.6 | 9 | 2 | higher admin | |
| 21.2 | 309 | 3 | clerical | |
| 6.4 | 94 | 4 | sales | |
| 9.2 | 134 | 5 | service | |
| 8.0 | 116 | 6 | skilled worker | |
| 8.2 | 120 | 7 | semi-skilled worker | |
| 21.9 | 319 | 8 | unskilled worker | |
| 5.0 | 73 | 9 | farm | |
| 3.8 | 55 | 10 | never had job | |
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 106 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
firstslffirst job self-employment?
Text of this Question or Item
And how about your first job -- the first job you had after you finished full-time education? A. Were you self-employed, or did you work for someone else?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.2 | 57 | 1 | self-employed | |
| 91.8 | 1,252 | 2 | someone else | |
| 4.0 | 55 | 3 | never had job | |
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 200 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
lastjobtype of current job held by r
Text of this Question or Item
And how about your job now? (If you are not working now, please tell us about your last job.)
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19.3 | 281 | 1 | prof or tech | |
| 2.7 | 39 | 2 | higher admin | |
| 17.5 | 255 | 3 | clerical | |
| 9.3 | 136 | 4 | sales | |
| 10.4 | 152 | 5 | service | |
| 15.2 | 222 | 6 | skilled worker | |
| 8.2 | 120 | 7 | semi-skilled worker | |
| 11.9 | 173 | 8 | unskilled worker | |
| 2.3 | 34 | 9 | farm | |
| 3.2 | 46 | 10 | never had job | |
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 106 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
lastslfcurrent job self-employment?
Text of this Question or Item
And how about your job now? (If you are not working now, please tell us about your last job.) A. Are (or were) you self-employed, or do you work for someone else?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.5 | 143 | 1 | self-employed | |
| 86.2 | 1,176 | 2 | someone else | |
| 3.4 | 46 | 3 | never had job | |
| 67,282 | .i | iap | ||
| 199 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |