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GSS 1972-2024 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3
1988 ISSP MODULE: WOMEN AND WORK
Working Women and the Family
rewrdeffeffort rewarded in america
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree: A. In America people get rewarded for their effort.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.4 | 136 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 53.3 | 636 | 2 | agree | |
| 23.3 | 278 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 9.8 | 117 | 4 | disagree | |
| 2.2 | 26 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 24 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 55 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
rewrdintintelligence and skill rewarded in america
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree: B. In America people get rewarded for their intelligence and skills.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.6 | 187 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 58.1 | 696 | 2 | agree | |
| 17.4 | 208 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 7.5 | 90 | 4 | disagree | |
| 1.4 | 17 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 21 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 53 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
corruptmust be corrupt to get to top in america
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree: C. To get all the way to the top in America today, you have to be corrupt.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.5 | 54 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 12.6 | 150 | 2 | agree | |
| 23.3 | 278 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 36.9 | 440 | 4 | disagree | |
| 22.7 | 271 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 26 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 53 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
earndesr deserves earnings
Text of this Question or Item
Would you say that you earn:
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16.8 | 188 | 1 | much less than i deserve | |
| 42.0 | 471 | 2 | less than i deserve | |
| 36.3 | 407 | 3 | what i deserve | |
| 3.0 | 34 | 4 | more than i deserve | |
| 0.4 | 4 | 5 | much more than i deserve | |
| 1.5 | 17 | 6 | never worked | |
| 68 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 83 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ldcgapdifferences between rich and poor too large
Text of this Question or Item
Turning to international differences, do you agree or disagree: A. Present economic differences between rich and poor countries are too large.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21.2 | 602 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 39.7 | 1,130 | 2 | agree | |
| 31.7 | 901 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 5.3 | 150 | 4 | disagree | |
| 2.2 | 62 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 216 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 199 | .n | no answer | ||
| 15 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ldctaxrich countries pay tax to help poor countries
Text of this Question or Item
Turning to international differences, do you agree or disagree: B. People in wealthy countries should make an additional tax contribution to help people in poor countries.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 289 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 21.5 | 622 | 2 | agree | |
| 29.6 | 855 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 25.4 | 733 | 4 | disagree | |
| 13.5 | 391 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 164 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 203 | .n | no answer | ||
| 18 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
richhlthrich buy better health care than poor
Text of this Question or Item
Is it just or unjust - right or wrong - that people with higher incomes can: A. Buy better health care than people with lower incomes
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.7 | 286 | 1 | very just, definitely right | |
| 12.2 | 361 | 2 | somewhat just, right | |
| 24.2 | 716 | 3 | neither just nor unjust, mixed feelings | |
| 22.6 | 670 | 4 | somewhat unjust, wrong | |
| 31.3 | 926 | 5 | very unjust, definitely wrong | |
| 108 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 193 | .n | no answer | ||
| 15 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
richeducrich buy better education than poor
Text of this Question or Item
Is it just or unjust - right or wrong - that people with higher incomes can: B. Buy better education for their children than people with lower incomes?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 297 | 1 | very just, definitely right | |
| 14.9 | 441 | 2 | somewhat just, right | |
| 22.4 | 664 | 3 | neither just nor unjust, mixed feelings | |
| 21.6 | 641 | 4 | somewhat unjust, wrong | |
| 31.1 | 922 | 5 | very unjust, definitely wrong | |
| 96 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 196 | .n | no answer | ||
| 18 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
payresphow much pay dependent on responsibility
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: A How much responsibility goes with the job”how important do you think that ought to be in deciding pay?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26.5 | 784 | 1 | essential | |
| 53.5 | 1,581 | 2 | very important | |
| 18.6 | 549 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 0.9 | 26 | 4 | not very important | |
| 0.5 | 15 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 95 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 214 | .n | no answer | ||
| 11 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
payedtrnhow much pay dependent on educ and training
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: B. The number of year spent in education and training?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17.0 | 505 | 1 | essential | |
| 44.6 | 1,325 | 2 | very important | |
| 31.7 | 941 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 5.6 | 166 | 4 | not very important | |
| 1.1 | 33 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 76 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 216 | .n | no answer | ||
| 13 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
paysuphow much pay dependent on supervising others
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: C. Whether the job requires supervising others (how important should that be in deciding pay)?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15.5 | 183 | 1 | essential | |
| 48.3 | 572 | 2 | very important | |
| 30.2 | 357 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 5.2 | 62 | 4 | not very important | |
| 0.8 | 10 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 39 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 49 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
payfam1how much pay dependent on family to support
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: D. What is needed to support a family?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22.3 | 263 | 1 | essential | |
| 38.7 | 456 | 2 | very important | |
| 25.1 | 296 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 9.2 | 109 | 4 | not very important | |
| 4.7 | 55 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 42 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 51 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
paychildhow much pay dependent on children
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: E. Whether the person has children to support (how important should that be in deciding pay)?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.8 | 254 | 1 | essential | |
| 20.5 | 594 | 2 | very important | |
| 23.5 | 679 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 27.4 | 793 | 4 | not very important | |
| 19.8 | 573 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 142 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 219 | .n | no answer | ||
| 21 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
paydowelhow much pay dependent on work well done
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: F. How well he or she does the job (how important should that be)?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 42.1 | 1,247 | 1 | essential | |
| 47.8 | 1,414 | 2 | very important | |
| 8.6 | 254 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 1.1 | 34 | 4 | not very important | |
| 0.4 | 12 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 76 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 216 | .n | no answer | ||
| 22 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
payhardhow much pay dependent on working hard
Text of this Question or Item
In deciding how much people ought to earn, how important should each of these things be, in your opinion: G. How hard he or she works at the job?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36.8 | 441 | 1 | essential | |
| 51.8 | 620 | 2 | very important | |
| 9.8 | 117 | 3 | fairly important | |
| 1.3 | 15 | 4 | not very important | |
| 0.4 | 5 | 5 | not important at all | |
| 20 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 54 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
justpayis r's pay just
Text of this Question or Item
Given your skills and effort, is your pay:
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20.8 | 237 | 1 | much less than is just | |
| 37.8 | 432 | 2 | a little less than is just | |
| 33.8 | 386 | 3 | about just for me | |
| 5.1 | 58 | 4 | a little more than is just | |
| 1.2 | 14 | 5 | much more than is just | |
| 1.3 | 15 | 6 | never had a job | |
| 60 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 70 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
soctype1what type of society is america
Text of this Question or Item
These five diagrams show different types of society. Please read the descriptions and look at the diagrams and decide which you think best describes America today. . .
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22.0 | 629 | 1 | type a | |
| 36.5 | 1,044 | 2 | type b | |
| 16.8 | 481 | 3 | type c | |
| 22.0 | 629 | 4 | type d | |
| 2.8 | 80 | 5 | type e | |
| 137 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 261 | .n | no answer | ||
| 14 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
soctype2what type of society does r prefer
Text of this Question or Item
What do you think America ought to be like - which would you prefer?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.9 | 53 | 1 | type a | |
| 6.7 | 188 | 2 | type b | |
| 13.3 | 371 | 3 | type c | |
| 53.0 | 1,479 | 4 | type d | |
| 25.0 | 697 | 5 | type e | |
| 195 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 65,571 | .i | iap | ||
| 264 | .n | no answer | ||
| 28 | .s | skipped on web | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
famrnkrank in society of r
Text of this Question or Item
Now we would like to know where you and other people fit in. Please look at the diagram you think best describes America today, the one you chose first: A. Where would you say you and your family actually are - at the top, somewhere in the middle, or toward the bottom?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.3 | 26 | 1 | top | |
| 2.9 | 33 | 2 | ||
| 17.4 | 197 | 3 | ||
| 42.9 | 487 | 4 | ||
| 21.9 | 248 | 5 | ||
| 8.2 | 93 | 6 | ||
| 4.5 | 51 | 7 | bottom | |
| 54 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 83 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
unsklrnkrank in society of unskilled workers
Text of this Question or Item
Now we would like to know where you and other people fit in. Please look at the diagram you think best describes America today, the one you chose first: B. Where would you say an unskilled worker in a factory fits in?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | 12 | 1 | top | |
| 0.5 | 6 | 2 | ||
| 2.2 | 25 | 3 | ||
| 8.9 | 101 | 4 | ||
| 21.0 | 237 | 5 | ||
| 40.4 | 457 | 6 | ||
| 25.9 | 293 | 7 | bottom | |
| 61 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 80 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
execrnkrank in society of chairmen
Text of this Question or Item
Now we would like to know where you and other people fit in. Please look at the diagram you think best describes America today, the one you chose first: C. The chairman of a large national corporation?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50.6 | 565 | 1 | top | |
| 30.9 | 345 | 2 | ||
| 12.4 | 138 | 3 | ||
| 4.1 | 46 | 4 | ||
| 1.5 | 17 | 5 | ||
| 0.4 | 4 | 6 | ||
| 0.2 | 2 | 7 | bottom | |
| 57 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 98 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
pasupr's father supervisor
Text of this Question or Item
In the job your father had when you were growing up, did your father supervise anyone who was directly responsible to him?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37.3 | 447 | 1 | no, did not supervise | |
| 26.8 | 321 | 2 | yes, supervised 1 to 9 people | |
| 15.8 | 189 | 3 | yes, supervised 10 or more | |
| 14.3 | 172 | 4 | dk if he supervised anyone | |
| 5.8 | 70 | 5 | i dk what my father did-father dead | |
| 2 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 71 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
books16books in home of r age 16
Text of this Question or Item
About how many books were there around your familys house when you were 16 years old?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | 37 | 1 | none | |
| 6.8 | 81 | 2 | 1 or 2 | |
| 17.1 | 205 | 3 | around 10 | |
| 18.8 | 226 | 4 | around 20 | |
| 19.1 | 229 | 5 | around 50 | |
| 15.5 | 186 | 6 | around 100 | |
| 11.6 | 139 | 7 | around 200 | |
| 5.3 | 63 | 8 | around 500 | |
| 2.8 | 33 | 9 | 1,000 or more | |
| 1 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,574 | .i | iap | ||
| 72 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
mawrkwrmworking mom can have a warm rel w kids
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree ... A. A working mother can establish just as warm and secure a relationship with her children as a mother who does not work.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 33.7 | 1,771 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 38.3 | 2,011 | 2 | agree | |
| 7.0 | 368 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 13.3 | 697 | 4 | disagree | |
| 7.7 | 403 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 45 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 63,512 | .i | iap | ||
| 39 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
kidsuffrpreschooler will suffer if mom works
Text of this Question or Item
Do you agree or disagree ... B. A pre-school child is likely to suffer if his or her mother works.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.1 | 477 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 29.0 | 1,514 | 2 | agree | |
| 14.2 | 744 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 26.2 | 1,370 | 4 | disagree | |
| 21.4 | 1,120 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 63 | .d | can't choose | ||
| 63,512 | .i | iap | ||
| 46 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |