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GSS 1972-2024 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3


Economic Inequality

progtaxhow much income tax should rich pay?
Text of this Question or Item
Some people think those with high incomes should pay a larger 
proportion (percentage) of their earnings in taxes than those who 
earn low incomes. Other people think that those with high incomes and 
those with low incomes should pay the same proportion (percentage) of 
their earnings in taxes. Do you think those with high incomes should 
pay a much larger proportion, pay a larger proportion, pay the same 
proportion as those who earn low incomes, pay a smaller proportion. 
pay a much smaller proportion?
Percent N Value Label
18.7 337 1 pay much more
41.7 749 2 pay more
38.4 690 3 all pay same
0.9 16 4 pay less
0.3 6 5 pay much less


76 .d can't choose


66,952 .i iap


20 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
eqincomegovt should redistribute wealth
Text of this Question or Item
What is your opinion of the following statement? 
It is the responsibility of the government to reduce the differences 
in income between people with high incomes and  those with low 
incomes.
Percent N Value Label
10.6 198 1 agree strongly
21.4 399 2 agree
24.8 463 3 neither agree nor disagree
29.6 553 4 disagree
13.6 254 5


2 .d don't know


66,952 .i iap


25 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
oprichchild of rich has better opportunity
Text of this Question or Item
Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with each of the 
following statements. 
A. A person whose parents are rich has a better chance of earning a 
lot of money than a person whose parents are poor.
Percent N Value Label
31.4 210 1 agree strongly
37.7 252 2 agree
12.1 81 3 neither agree nor disagree
15.1 101 4 disagree
3.6 24 5


68,169 .i iap


9 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
opprofchild of profssnl has better opportunity
Text of this Question or Item
Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with each of the 
following statements. 
B. A person whose father is a professional has much better chance of 
getting ahead in life than a person whose father is a factory worker.
Percent N Value Label
20.4 135 1 agree strongly
34.5 229 2 agree
17.8 118 3 neither agree nor disagree
22.6 150 4 disagree
4.7 31 5


68,169 .i iap


14 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
opfamilyfamily bkgd determines success in u.s.
Text of this Question or Item
Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with each of the 
following statements. 
C. In America what you achieve in life depends largely on your family 
background.
Percent N Value Label
9.7 64 1 agree strongly
20.9 138 2 agree
18.6 123 3 neither agree nor disagree
41.5 274 4 disagree
9.4 62 5


68,169 .i iap


16 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fecolopcollege opportunities for women
Text of this Question or Item
Would you say that opportunities for college education are, in 
general, better or worse, for women than for men?
Percent N Value Label
2.2 14 1 much bettr for women
7.8 49 2 better for women
78.6 497 3 no difference
10.4 66 4 worse for women
0.9 6 5 much wrse for women


33 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


12 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fejobopjob opportunities for women
Text of this Question or Item
How about job opportunities for women -- do you think they are, in 
general, better or worse than job opportunities for men with similar 
education and experience?
Percent N Value Label
2.8 18 1 much bettr for women
8.6 55 2 better for women
33.3 212 3 no difference
50.4 321 4 worse for women
4.9 31 5 much wrse for women


30 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


10 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
feincincome for women vs. men with same bkgd
Text of this Question or Item
And how about income and wages -- compared with men who have similar 
education and jobs -- are women In general paid better or worse than 
men?
Percent N Value Label
1.1 7 1 much bettr for women
1.3 8 2 better for women
21.4 135 3 no difference
68.5 432 4 worse for women
7.8 49 5 much wrse for women


35 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


11 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fehlpbusgovt should aid women seeking jobs
Text of this Question or Item
Here are three things the government might do. Some people are in 
favor of them while other people are against them. Please circle one 
number for each statement to show how you feel. 
A. The government should increase opportunities for women in business 
and industry.
Percent N Value Label
16.8 111 1 strongly in favor
30.1 199 2 in favor
34.4 228 3 neither
15.7 104 4 against
3.0 20 5 strongly against


68,169 .i iap


15 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fehlpcolgovt should aid women seeking higher ed
Text of this Question or Item
Here are three things the government might do. Some people are in 
favor of them while other people are against them. Please circle one 
number for each statement to show how you feel. 
B. The government should increase opportunities for women to go to 
college.
Percent N Value Label
13.1 86 1 strongly in favor
28.9 189 2 in favor
38.8 254 3 neither
16.8 110 4 against
2.3 15 5 strongly against


68,169 .i iap


23 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fehlpjobwomen should be given preference in jobs
Text of this Question or Item
Here are three things the government might do. Some people are in 
favor of them while other people are against them. Please circle one 
number for each statement to show how you feel. 
C. Women should be given preferential treatment when applying for 
jobs or promotions.
Percent N Value Label
5.2 34 1 strongly in favor
7.0 46 2 in favor
26.8 175 3 neither
43.6 285 4 against
17.3 113 5 strongly against


68,169 .i iap


24 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z

Importance of Educational Subjects

hsbasicsschool subjects: reading, writing, math
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
A. Reading, writing, and mathematics.
Percent N Value Label
88.7 590 1 essential
10.5 70 2 very important
0.5 3 3 fairly important
0.0 0 4 not very important
0.3 2 5 not important at all


4 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


8 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hssexedschool subjects: sex education
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
B. Sex education.
Percent N Value Label
16.8 108 1 essential
29.5 190 2 very important
34.3 221 3 fairly important
11.0 71 4 not very important
8.4 54 5 not important at all


16 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


17 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hsrespctschool subjects: respect for authority
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
C. Respect for authority.
Percent N Value Label
48.2 316 1 essential
32.8 215 2 very important
15.1 99 3 fairly important
2.6 17 4 not very important
1.4 9 5 not important at all


9 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


12 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hslibartschool subjects: history, liter., arts
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
D. History, literature, and the arts.
Percent N Value Label
37.9 250 1 essential
33.4 220 2 very important
23.7 156 3 fairly important
4.6 30 4 not very important
0.5 3 5 not important at all


7 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


11 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hsjudgeschool subjects: good judgment
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
E. Ability to make one''s own judgments.
Percent N Value Label
49.0 319 1 essential
36.4 237 2 very important
11.4 74 3 fairly important
2.8 18 4 not very important
0.5 3 5 not important at all


12 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


14 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hsjobtrschool subjects: job training
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
F. Job training.
Percent N Value Label
41.3 273 1 essential
35.9 237 2 very important
16.9 112 3 fairly important
4.4 29 4 not very important
1.5 10 5 not important at all


6 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


10 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hsscischool subjects: science and technology
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
G. Science and technology.
Percent N Value Label
38.1 249 1 essential
38.4 251 2 very important
20.6 135 3 fairly important
2.9 19 4 not very important
0.0 0 5 not important at all


11 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


12 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hscaringschool subjects: concern for others
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
H. Concern for minorities and the poor.
Percent N Value Label
25.7 165 1 essential
32.8 211 2 very important
29.4 189 3 fairly important
7.6 49 4 not very important
4.5 29 5 not important at all


19 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


15 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
hsorderschool subjects: discipline and order
Text of this Question or Item
Here are some things that might be taught in school. How important is 
it that schools teach each of these to 15-year-olds? 
I. Discipline and orderliness.
Percent N Value Label
47.7 312 1 essential
35.6 233 2 very important
13.6 89 3 fairly important
2.0 13 4 not very important
1.1 7 5 not important at all


10 .d can't choose


68,169 .i iap


13 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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