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GSS 1972-2024 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3
1994 TOPICAL MODULE: MULTICULTURALISM
Identification: American or Ethnic Group
ethidr american vs ethnic identity
Text of this Question or Item
When you think of social and political issues, do you think of yourself mainly as a member of a particular ethnic, racial, or nationality group or do you think of yourself mainly as just an American?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90.1 | 1,315 | 1 | just an american | |
| 7.5 | 109 | 2 | some part. ethnic grp | |
| 0.2 | 3 | 3 | 2 or more ethnic grps | |
| 1.4 | 20 | 4 | amer and ethnic grps | |
| 0.8 | 12 | 5 | it depends | |
| 8 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,372 | .i | iap | ||
| 7 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
amissuedegree r invokes just american identity
Text of this Question or Item
A. Do you think of yourself as "just an American" on all issues, most issues, some issues, or just a few issues?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60.6 | 793 | 1 | all issues | |
| 30.9 | 404 | 2 | most issues | |
| 6.5 | 85 | 3 | some issues | |
| 2.1 | 27 | 4 | just a few issues | |
| 6 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,524 | .i | iap | ||
| 7 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ethissuedegree r invokes ethnic identity
Text of this Question or Item
B. Do you think of yourself as a(n) (ethnic group or groups specified) on all issues, most issues, some issues, or just a few issues?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20.7 | 23 | 1 | all issues | |
| 39.6 | 44 | 2 | most issues | |
| 23.4 | 26 | 3 | some issues | |
| 16.2 | 18 | 4 | just a few issues | |
| 1 | .d | don't know | ||
| 68,727 | .i | iap | ||
| 7 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ethid1r primary identity as ethnic or american
Text of this Question or Item
C. Well, if you had to choose, which would you think of yourself most of the time--mainly as a member of a particular ethnic, racial, or nationality group, or mainly as just an American?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43.3 | 13 | 1 | just an american | |
| 36.7 | 11 | 2 | some part. ethnic grp | |
| 0.0 | 0 | 3 | 2 or more ethnic grps | |
| 20.0 | 6 | 4 | it depends | |
| 68,807 | .i | iap | ||
| 9 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
amissue1degree r invokes primary identity as american
Text of this Question or Item
D. Do you think of yourself as "just an American" on all issues, most issues, some issues, or just a few issues?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.7 | 1 | 1 | all issues | |
| 46.2 | 6 | 2 | most issues | |
| 30.8 | 4 | 3 | some issues | |
| 15.4 | 2 | 4 | just a few issues | |
| 68,824 | .i | iap | ||
| 9 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ethissu1degree r invokes primary identity as ethnic
Text of this Question or Item
E. Do you think of yourself as a(n) (ethnic group or groups specified) on all issues, most issues, some issues, or just a few issues?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | 0 | 1 | all issues | |
| 72.7 | 8 | 2 | most issues | |
| 18.2 | 2 | 3 | some issues | |
| 9.1 | 1 | 4 | just a few issues | |
| 68,826 | .i | iap | ||
| 9 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
amrankamerican quality of life vs other indus. nations
Text of this Question or Item
Do you feel that the quality of life is better in America than in most other advanced industrial countries, about the same, or do you feel that people are better off in most other advanced industrial countries than they are in the United States?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80.4 | 1,155 | 1 | better in america | |
| 15.3 | 220 | 2 | about the same | |
| 4.2 | 61 | 3 | better in oth adv cntry | |
| 35 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,372 | .i | iap | ||
| 3 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
amproudr pride in being american
Text of this Question or Item
How proud are you to be an American . . . extremely proud, very proud, somewhat proud, or not very proud?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47.0 | 683 | 1 | extremely proud | |
| 38.8 | 564 | 2 | very proud | |
| 12.7 | 185 | 3 | somewhat proud | |
| 1.4 | 20 | 4 | not very proud | |
| 7 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,372 | .i | iap | ||
| 15 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
Cultural Assimilation and Separatism
meltpotr attitude toward mixing cultures in us
Text of this Question or Item
Some people say that it is better for America if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct cultures. Others say that it is better if groups change so that they blend into the larger society as in the idea of a melting pot. Here is a card with a scale from 1 to 7. Think of a score of 1 as meaning that racial and ethnic groups should maintain their distinct cultures, and a score of 7 as meaning that groups should change so that they blend into the larger society. What score between 1 and 7 comes closest to the way you feel? (CIRCLE ONE):
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.3 | 311 | 1 | maintain distinct cultures | |
| 8.5 | 234 | 2 | ||
| 12.3 | 339 | 3 | ||
| 31.2 | 862 | 4 | ||
| 15.0 | 415 | 5 | ||
| 9.2 | 254 | 6 | ||
| 12.5 | 345 | 7 | blend in to larger society | |
| 95 | .d | don't know | ||
| 65,974 | .i | iap | ||
| 17 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
gvtapartshould govt policy maintain distinct cultures
Text of this Question or Item
Some people say that it is better for America if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct cultures. Others say that it is better if groups change so that they blend into the larger society as in the idea of a melting pot. Here is a card with a scale from 1 to 7. Think of a score of 1 as meaning that racial and ethnic groups should maintain their distinct cultures, and a score of 7 as meaning that groups should change so that they blend into the larger society. What score between 1 and 7 comes closest to the way you feel? (CIRCLE ONE): A. Should it be up to the government to help racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct cultures, or should this be left up to the groups themselves?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.5 | 47 | 1 | govt to help | |
| 89.5 | 400 | 2 | left up to groups | |
| 11 | .d | don't know | ||
| 68,381 | .i | iap | ||
| 7 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
gvtmeltshould govt help blend cultures
Text of this Question or Item
Some people say that it is better for America if different racial and ethnic groups maintain their distinct cultures. Others say that it is better if groups change so that they blend into the larger society as in the idea of a melting pot. Here is a card with a scale from 1 to 7. Think of a score of 1 as meaning that racial and ethnic groups should maintain their distinct cultures, and a score of 7 as meaning that groups should change so that they blend into the larger society. What score between 1 and 7 comes closest to the way you feel? (CIRCLE ONE): B. Should it be up to the government to help racial and ethnic groups change so that they blend into the larger society, or should this be left up to the groups themselves?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21.5 | 108 | 1 | govt to help | |
| 78.5 | 394 | 2 | left up to groups | |
| 22 | .d | don't know | ||
| 68,288 | .i | iap | ||
| 34 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ethorgsdo ethnic orgs promote separatism
Text of this Question or Item
Now I'm going to read you some statements and would like to get your reaction to them. After I read each statement, please tell me if you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the statement. Political organizations based on race or ethnicity promote separatism and make it hard for all of us to live together.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25.7 | 361 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 44.1 | 619 | 2 | agree | |
| 14.3 | 201 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 12.5 | 176 | 4 | disagree | |
| 3.3 | 46 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 61 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,372 | .i | iap | ||
| 10 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ethspkokallow free speech offensive to ethnic groups
Text of this Question or Item
A. Under the First Amendment guaranteeing free speech, people should be allowed to express their own opinions even if they are harmful or offensive to members of other religious or racial groups.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21.4 | 158 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 42.8 | 317 | 2 | agree | |
| 11.4 | 84 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 20.3 | 150 | 4 | disagree | |
| 4.2 | 31 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 9 | .d | don't know | ||
| 68,089 | .i | iap | ||
| 8 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
ethspknoban opinions harmful to other groups
Text of this Question or Item
B. People should not be allowed to express opinions that are harmful or offensive to members of other religious or racial groups.
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.2 | 71 | 1 | strongly agree | |
| 31.9 | 222 | 2 | agree | |
| 12.4 | 86 | 3 | neither agree nor disagree | |
| 35.3 | 246 | 4 | disagree | |
| 10.2 | 71 | 5 | strongly disagree | |
| 8 | .d | don't know | ||
| 68,129 | .i | iap | ||
| 13 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
symptblkr feel sympathy towards blacks
Text of this Question or Item
Now, I would like to ask whether you have ever felt the following ways about blacks and their families. For each of the feelings that I ask you about, please tell me whether you have felt that way very often, fairly often, not too often, or never? A. How often have you felt sympathy for blacks?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19.3 | 277 | 1 | very often | |
| 38.0 | 545 | 2 | fairly often | |
| 35.7 | 512 | 3 | not too often | |
| 7.1 | 102 | 4 | never | |
| 29 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,372 | .i | iap | ||
| 9 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |
admirblkr express admiration for blacks
Text of this Question or Item
Now, I would like to ask whether you have ever felt the following ways about blacks and their families. For each of the feelings that I ask you about, please tell me whether you have felt that way very often, fairly often, not too often, or never? B. How often have you felt admiration for blacks?
| Percent | N | Value | Label | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17.3 | 247 | 1 | very often | |
| 40.9 | 583 | 2 | fairly often | |
| 34.9 | 498 | 3 | not too often | |
| 6.9 | 98 | 4 | never | |
| 38 | .d | don't know | ||
| 67,372 | .i | iap | ||
| 10 | .n | no answer | ||
| 6,853 | .y | not available in this year | ||
| 100.0 | 75,699 | Total |
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| Data type: | numeric |
| Missing-data codes: | .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z |