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GSS 1972-2024 Cumulative Datafile - Release 3


palefullafterlife contrast: shadows or full
Text of this Question or Item
A. People picture life after death in many different ways. We'd like 
to know how you think of life after death. Here is a card with sets 
of contrasting images. On a scale of 1-7 where would you place your 
image of life after death. Look at the first set of contrasting 
images. If you think that life after death is "A life like the one 
here on earth only better," you would place yourself at 1. If you 
think it is "A life without many things which make our present life 
enjoyable" you would place yourself at 7. If you think it is 
somewhere between these two you would place yourself at 2, 3, 4, 5, 
or 6. Where would you place your images of life after death for . . 
.?
Percent N Value Label
3.2 141 1 pale, shadowy
1.4 63 2
2.6 116 3
15.9 706 4
11.9 529 5
14.3 634 6
50.8 2,258 7 complete fulfillment


67 .d don't know


64,185 .i iap


147 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
prayhow often does r pray
Text of this Question or Item
About how often do you pray?  USE CATEGORIES AS PROBES.
Percent N Value Label
28.2 13,135 1 several times a day
27.2 12,638 2 once a day
12.3 5,707 3 several times a week
6.5 3,038 4 once a week
15.4 7,153 5 less than once a week
10.5 4,867 6 never


130 .d don't know


28,586 .i iap


379 .n no answer


66 .s skipped on web

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
dejavuthought one was someplace before
Text of this Question or Item
How often have you had any of the following experiences?  READ EACH 
ITEM AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH. 
A. Thought you were somewhere you had been before, but knew that it 
was impossible.
Percent N Value Label
33.9 1,317 1 never in my life
29.2 1,133 2 once or twice
29.2 1,133 3 several times
7.8 302 4 often
0.0 0 8 cannot answer


49 .d can't choose


64,886 .i iap


26 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
espfelt in touch with someone far away
Text of this Question or Item
How often have you had any of the following experiences?  READ EACH 
ITEM AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH. 
B. Felt as though you were in touch with someone when they were far 
away  from you.
Percent N Value Label
36.2 1,407 1 never in my life
31.5 1,225 2 once or twice
24.1 937 3 several times
8.2 318 4 often
0.0 0 8 cannot answer


46 .d don't know


64,886 .i iap


27 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
visionsperceived events at great distance
Text of this Question or Item
How often have you had any of the following experiences?  READ EACH 
ITEM AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH. 
C. Seen events that happened at a great distance as they were 
happening.
Percent N Value Label
72.5 2,796 1 never in my life
16.7 643 2 once or twice
8.0 309 3 several times
2.8 109 4 often
0.0 0 8 cannot answer


66 .d don't know


64,886 .i iap


37 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
spiritsfelt in touch with deceased person
Text of this Question or Item
How often have you had any of the following experiences?  READ EACH 
ITEM AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH. 
D. Felt as though you were really in touch with someone who had died.
Percent N Value Label
60.3 3,057 1 never in my life
23.7 1,201 2 once or twice
11.1 565 3 several times
4.8 245 4 often
0.0 0 8 cannot answer


202 .d don't know


63,527 .i iap


49 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
gracehad powerful religious experience
Text of this Question or Item
How often have you had any of the following experiences?  READ EACH 
ITEM AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH. 
E. Felt as though you were very close to a powerful, spiritual force 
that seemed to lift you out of yourself.
Percent N Value Label
61.0 4,003 1 never in my life
20.8 1,367 2 once or twice
11.7 765 3 several times
6.5 424 4 often
0.0 0 8 cannot answer


293 .d can't choose


61,928 .i iap


66 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
neargodhow close does r feel to god
Text of this Question or Item
How close do you feel to God most of the time?  Would you say 
extremely close, somewhat close, not very close, or not close at all?
Percent N Value Label
31.8 3,183 1 extremely close
52.3 5,238 2 somewhat close
9.5 948 3 not very close
5.0 500 4 not close at all
1.4 140 5 does not believe


160 .d don't know


58,575 .i iap


102 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
judgeimage of god as judge
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
A. Judge
Percent N Value Label
47.1 954 1 extremely likely
30.0 608 2 somewhat likely
13.0 263 3 not too likely
9.9 200 4 not likely at all


30 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


28 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
redeemerimage of god as redeemer
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
B. Redeemer
Percent N Value Label
61.4 1,232 1 extremely likely
26.6 534 2 somewhat likely
6.9 139 3 not too likely
5.0 100 4 not likely at all


51 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


27 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
loverimage of god as lover
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
C. Lover
Percent N Value Label
42.2 838 1 extremely likely
20.8 412 2 somewhat likely
14.8 294 3 not too likely
22.2 441 4 not likely at all


70 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


28 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
masterimage of god as master
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
D. Master
Percent N Value Label
55.4 1,118 1 extremely likely
24.9 502 2 somewhat likely
11.1 224 3 not too likely
8.6 173 4 not likely at all


39 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


27 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
motherimage of god as mother
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
E. Mother
Percent N Value Label
24.9 494 1 extremely likely
24.2 481 2 somewhat likely
23.1 459 3 not too likely
27.8 553 4 not likely at all


66 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


30 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
creatorimage of god as creator
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
F. Creator
Percent N Value Label
81.4 1,650 1 extremely likely
13.8 279 2 somewhat likely
2.3 47 3 not too likely
2.5 50 4 not likely at all


28 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


29 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fatherimage of god as father
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
G. Father
Percent N Value Label
62.3 1,258 1 extremely likely
24.2 489 2 somewhat likely
6.4 129 3 not too likely
7.1 144 4 not likely at all


33 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


30 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
spouseimage of god as spouse
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
H. Spouse
Percent N Value Label
16.6 329 1 extremely likely
17.1 339 2 somewhat likely
26.4 524 3 not too likely
39.9 792 4 not likely at all


66 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


33 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
friendimage of god as friend
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
I. Friend
Percent N Value Label
62.0 1,257 1 extremely likely
26.4 535 2 somewhat likely
5.9 120 3 not too likely
5.7 115 4 not likely at all


27 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


29 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
kingimage of god as king
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
J. King
Percent N Value Label
52.1 1,049 1 extremely likely
20.8 419 2 somewhat likely
13.8 278 3 not too likely
13.2 266 4 not likely at all


43 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


28 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
liberatrimage of god as liberator
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
K. Liberator
Percent N Value Label
43.9 868 1 extremely likely
29.6 584 2 somewhat likely
14.3 282 3 not too likely
12.2 241 4 not likely at all


78 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


30 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
healerimage of god as healer
Text of this Question or Item
When you think about God, how likely are each of these images to come 
to your mind?  Would you say extremely likely, somewhat likely, not 
too likely, or not likely at all? (HAND CARD AD. READ EACH ITEM.) 
(CIRCLE ONE NUMBER FOR EACH WORD)
L. Healer
Percent N Value Label
69.7 1,407 1 extremely likely
20.9 423 2 somewhat likely
4.6 92 3 not too likely
4.9 98 4 not likely at all


35 .d don't know


66,763 .i iap


28 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
mapacontrast between mother and father
Text of this Question or Item
There are many different ways of picturing God. We'd like to know the 
kinds of images you are most likely to associate with God. Here is a 
card with sets of contrasting images. On a scale of 1-7 where would 
you place your image of God between the two contrasting images? (HAND 
CARD AE) The first set of contrasting images shows Mother at 1 on the 
scale and Father at 7. If you imagine God as a Mother you would place 
yourself at 1. If you imagine God as a Father, you would place 
yourself at 7. If you imagine God as somewhere between Mother and 
Father, you would place yourself at 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. (REPEAT EXAMPLE 
AS NECESSARY FOR EACH ITEM A-F, SUBSTITUTING IMAGES A-F FOR "MOTHER" 
AND "FATHER".) Where would you place your image of God on the scale 
for . . . READ EACH SET OF IMAGES AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH.
Percent N Value Label
3.4 553 1 mother
1.4 230 2
2.2 363 3
26.0 4,274 4
8.5 1,401 5
9.1 1,497 6
49.4 8,134 7 father


204 .d don't know


51,402 .i iap


788 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
masterspcontrast between master and spouse
Text of this Question or Item
There are many different ways of picturing God. We'd like to know the 
kinds of images you are most likely to associate with God. Here is a 
card with sets of contrasting images. On a scale of 1-7 where would 
you place your image of God between the two contrasting images? (HAND 
CARD AE) The first set of contrasting images shows Mother at 1 on the 
scale and Father at 7. If you imagine God as a Mother you would place 
yourself at 1. If you imagine God as a Father, you would place 
yourself at 7. If you imagine God as somewhere between Mother and 
Father, you would place yourself at 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. (REPEAT EXAMPLE 
AS NECESSARY FOR EACH ITEM A-F, SUBSTITUTING IMAGES A-F FOR "MOTHER" 
AND "FATHER".) Where would you place your image of God on the scale 
for . . . READ EACH SET OF IMAGES AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH.
Percent N Value Label
49.3 7,999 1 master
10.9 1,773 2
8.5 1,381 3
21.5 3,480 4
3.5 572 5
2.3 375 6
3.9 637 7 spouse


315 .d don't know


51,402 .i iap


912 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
judgeluvcontrast between judge and lover
Text of this Question or Item
There are many different ways of picturing God. We'd like to know the 
kinds of images you are most likely to associate with God. Here is a 
card with sets of contrasting images. On a scale of 1-7 where would 
you place your image of God between the two contrasting images? (HAND 
CARD AE) The first set of contrasting images shows Mother at 1 on the 
scale and Father at 7. If you imagine God as a Mother you would place 
yourself at 1. If you imagine God as a Father, you would place 
yourself at 7. If you imagine God as somewhere between Mother and 
Father, you would place yourself at 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. (REPEAT EXAMPLE 
AS NECESSARY FOR EACH ITEM A-F, SUBSTITUTING IMAGES A-F FOR "MOTHER" 
AND "FATHER".) Where would you place your image of God on the scale 
for . . . READ EACH SET OF IMAGES AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH.
Percent N Value Label
38.9 6,321 1 judge
9.7 1,575 2
8.1 1,315 3
26.8 4,353 4
4.3 699 5
3.6 592 6
8.6 1,400 7 lover


287 .d don't know


51,402 .i iap


902 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
frndkingcontrast between friend and king
Text of this Question or Item
There are many different ways of picturing God. We'd like to know the 
kinds of images you are most likely to associate with God. Here is a 
card with sets of contrasting images. On a scale of 1-7 where would 
you place your image of God between the two contrasting images? (HAND 
CARD AE) The first set of contrasting images shows Mother at 1 on the 
scale and Father at 7. If you imagine God as a Mother you would place 
yourself at 1. If you imagine God as a Father, you would place 
yourself at 7. If you imagine God as somewhere between Mother and 
Father, you would place yourself at 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. (REPEAT EXAMPLE 
AS NECESSARY FOR EACH ITEM A-F, SUBSTITUTING IMAGES A-F FOR "MOTHER" 
AND "FATHER".) Where would you place your image of God on the scale 
for . . . READ EACH SET OF IMAGES AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH.
Percent N Value Label
28.1 4,621 1 friend
6.8 1,111 2
5.0 829 3
29.6 4,859 4
5.4 879 5
4.4 726 6
20.7 3,398 7 king


209 .d don't know


51,402 .i iap


812 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
crtrhealcontrast between creator and healer
Text of this Question or Item
There are many different ways of picturing God. We'd like to know the 
kinds of images you are most likely to associate with God. Here is a 
card with sets of contrasting images. On a scale of 1-7 where would 
you place your image of God between the two contrasting images? (HAND 
CARD AE) The first set of contrasting images shows Mother at 1 on the 
scale and Father at 7. If you imagine God as a Mother you would place 
yourself at 1. If you imagine God as a Father, you would place 
yourself at 7. If you imagine God as somewhere between Mother and 
Father, you would place yourself at 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. (REPEAT EXAMPLE 
AS NECESSARY FOR EACH ITEM A-F, SUBSTITUTING IMAGES A-F FOR "MOTHER" 
AND "FATHER".) Where would you place your image of God on the scale 
for . . . READ EACH SET OF IMAGES AND CIRCLE ONE CODE FOR EACH.
Percent N Value Label
30.8 1,176 1 creator
5.0 191 2
3.7 142 3
46.1 1,761 4
2.8 106 5
3.1 118 6
8.6 330 7 healer


24 .d don't know


64,853 .i iap


145 .n no answer


6,853 .y not available in this year

100.0 75,699
Total
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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