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GSS 1972-2024 Cumulative Datafile - Release 1

Citizenship

uscitznIf not born in US, is R a US citizen
Text of this Question or Item 
If not born in US, is R a US citizen 
 As of 2024, USCITZN has been recoded to simplify responses. It is 
now a synthetic variable which represents the original USCITZN, as 
well as the experimental USCITZNV and USCITZNNV. This recode is 
retroactive, covering all previous years of USCITZN. The original 
data have been preserved in USCITZN_0822. USCITZNV and USCITZNNV will 
not be made available in 2024.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 uscitzn
1
a u.s. citizen		 2
not a u.s. citizen		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 .y
not available in this year		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
1,534
1986 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470		 -
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
4,510
2008 48.6
126		 51.4
133		 -
1		 -
1,758		 -
5		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 50.0
122		 50.0
122		 -
3		 -
1,795		 -
2		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 53.9
144		 46.1
123		 -
2		 -
1,700		 -
5		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 55.3
194		 44.7
157		 -
0		 -
2,184		 -
3		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 57.1
197		 42.9
148		 -
5		 -
2,507		 -
10		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 56.0
167		 44.0
131		 -
1		 -
2,045		 -
4		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
4,032
2022 63.8
284		 36.2
161		 -
4		 -
3,082		 -
10		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
3,544
2024 60.5
263		 39.5
172		 -
3		 -
2,859		 -
2		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
3,309
COL TOTAL 56.6
1,497		 43.4
1,147		 -
19		 -
17,930		 -
41		 -
13		 -
55,052		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
uscitzn_0822If not born in US, is R a US citizen
Text of this Question or Item 
If not born in US, is R a US citizen 
 As of 2024, USCITZN has been recoded to simplify responses. It is 
now a synthetic variable which represents the original USCITZN, as 
well as the experimental USCITZNV and USCITZNNV. This recode is 
retroactive, covering all previous years of USCITZN. The original 
data have been preserved in USCITZN_0822. USCITZNV and USCITZNNV will 
not be made available in 2024.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 uscitzn_0822
1
a u.s. citizen		 2
not a u.s. citizen		 3
a u.s. citizen born in puerto rico, the u.s. virgin islands, or the northern marianas islands (if volunteered)		 4
born outside of the u.s. to parents who were u.s. citizens at that time (if volunteered)		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .y
not available in this year		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
1,534
1986 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470		 -
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
4,510
2008 45.6
118		 51.4
133		 .8
2		 2.3
6		 -
1		 -
1,758		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 47.5
116		 50.0
122		 1.2
3		 1.2
3		 -
3		 -
1,795		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 52.8
141		 46.1
123		 .4
1		 .7
2		 -
2		 -
1,700		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 53.3
187		 44.7
157		 .9
3		 1.1
4		 -
0		 -
2,184		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 52.2
180		 42.9
148		 2.3
8		 2.6
9		 -
5		 -
2,507		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 54.7
163		 44.0
131		 .7
2		 .7
2		 -
1		 -
2,045		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
4,032
2022 59.7
151		 36.4
92		 1.6
4		 2.4
6		 -
4		 -
3,277		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
3,544
2024 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,309		 -
3,309
COL TOTAL 52.4
1,056		 44.9
906		 1.1
23		 1.6
32		 -
16		 -
15,266		 -
39		 -
58,361		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
fucitznIs R planning/appling for US citizenship or not
Text of this Question or Item 
Are you

As of 2024, FUCITZN will only be available as restricted data, 
beginning with R2.
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 fucitzn
1
currently applying for u.s. citizenship		 2
planning to apply for u.s. citizenship		 3
not planning to apply to u.s. citizenship		 4
not eligible to become a u.s. citizen		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .x
not available in this release		 .y
not available in this year		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,613
1973 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,504
1974 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,484
1975 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,490
1976 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,499
1977 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,530
1978 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,532
1980 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,468
1982 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,860
1983 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,599
1984 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,473
1985 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,534
1986 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,470
1987 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,819
1988 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,481
1989 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,537
1990 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,372
1991 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,517
1993 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
1,606
1994 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,992
1996 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,904
1998 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,832
2000 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,817
2002 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,765
2004 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
2,812
2006 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,510
2008 18.2
24		 46.2
61		 28.8
38		 6.8
9		 -
1		 -
1,884		 -
6		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 5.0
6		 63.3
76		 28.3
34		 3.3
4		 -
2		 -
1,920		 -
2		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 8.3
10		 47.1
57		 35.5
43		 9.1
11		 -
2		 -
1,846		 -
5		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 7.0
11		 53.5
84		 20.4
32		 19.1
30		 -
0		 -
2,378		 -
3		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 13.3
19		 45.5
65		 31.5
45		 9.8
14		 -
1		 -
2,709		 -
14		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 12.5
16		 38.3
49		 35.9
46		 13.3
17		 -
3		 -
2,213		 -
4		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
4,032		 -
4,032
2022 12.5
11		 50.0
44		 27.3
24		 10.2
9		 -
3		 -
3,442		 -
11		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
3,544
2024 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 -
3,309		 -
0		 -
3,309
COL TOTAL 10.9
97		 49.0
436		 29.5
262		 10.6
94		 -
12		 -
67,412		 -
45		 -
3,309		 -
4,032		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z

Education

educHighest year of school completed
Text of this Question or Item 
ASK ALL PARTS OF QUESTION ABOUT RESPONDENT BEFORE GOING ON TO ASK 
ABOUT R'S FATHER; AND THEN R'S MOTHER; THEN R'S SPOUSE, IF R IS 
CURRENTLY MARRIED. 
A. What is the highest grade in elementary school or high school that 
(you/your father/ your mother/your [husband/wife]) finished and got 
credit for? CODE EXACT GRADE. 
B. IF FINISHED 9th-12th GRADE OR DK*: Did (you/he/she) ever get a 
high school diploma or a GED certificate? [SEE D BELOW.] [See 
REMARKS] 
C. Did (you/he/she) complete one or more years of college for 
credit--not including schooling such as business college, technical 
or vocational school? IF YES: How many years did (you/he/she) 
complete? 
 Do you (Does [he/she]) have any college degrees? (IF YES: What 
degree or degrees?) CODE HIGHEST DEGREE EARNED.
Total Cases: 75,699 (Range of valid codes: 0-20)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
paeducHighest year school completed, father (or oldest same-sex parent)
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S FATHER'S (FATHER SUBSTITUTE'S) EDUCATION
Total Cases: 75,699 (Range of valid codes: 0-20)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
maeducHighest year school completed, mother (or youngest same-sex parent)
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S MOTHER'S (SUBSTITUTE MOTHER'S) EDUCATION
Total Cases: 75,699 (Range of valid codes: 0-20)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
speducHighest year school completed, spouse
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S SPOUSE'S EDUCATION
Total Cases: 75,699 (Range of valid codes: 0-20)
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
degreeR's highest degree
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S DEGREE
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 degree
0
less than high school		 1
high school		 2
associate/junior college		 3
bachelor's		 4
graduate		 .d
don't know		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 39.9
635		 47.9
762		 1.1
17		 7.8
124		 3.3
52		 -
0		 -
23		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 37.1
552		 48.4
720		 1.3
20		 8.9
132		 4.4
65		 -
0		 -
15		 -
0		 100.0
1,504
1974 35.3
524		 48.7
722		 1.7
25		 9.4
139		 4.9
73		 -
0		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,484
1975 35.9
534		 49.2
732		 2.2
33		 9.4
140		 3.4
50		 -
0		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 35.4
528		 48.8
728		 1.6
24		 10.2
152		 4.1
61		 -
0		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 35.2
536		 48.6
741		 2.2
34		 9.1
139		 4.9
74		 -
2		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 30.7
470		 52.6
804		 2.7
42		 9.9
151		 4.1
62		 -
1		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 30.4
445		 50.9
745		 3.1
45		 10.8
158		 4.8
71		 -
1		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 31.9
590		 50.7
938		 4.0
74		 8.9
165		 4.5
84		 -
4		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 26.2
419		 52.3
835		 3.8
61		 12.6
202		 5.0
80		 -
2		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 27.2
400		 52.0
764		 3.7
54		 11.9
175		 5.2
77		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 27.0
414		 51.8
795		 3.9
60		 11.4
175		 5.9
90		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 27.2
399		 51.1
750		 3.3
48		 13.1
192		 5.4
80		 -
0		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 26.1
473		 51.6
934		 4.3
77		 13.2
238		 4.8
87		 -
2		 -
8		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 24.5
362		 53.0
785		 4.4
65		 12.1
179		 6.0
89		 -
0		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 22.0
336		 53.2
814		 6.3
96		 12.4
189		 6.2
95		 -
2		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 20.6
282		 53.1
726		 5.5
75		 14.4
197		 6.4
87		 -
0		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 20.2
305		 54.7
825		 4.8
73		 14.9
224		 5.4
81		 -
0		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 18.4
294		 52.4
840		 6.1
97		 15.8
253		 7.4
118		 -
2		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 17.0
507		 53.2
1,586		 5.9
176		 16.7
497		 7.2
216		 -
3		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 15.5
448		 54.1
1,567		 6.5
187		 16.3
471		 7.7
224		 -
2		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 15.2
430		 53.2
1,500		 7.4
209		 16.9
478		 7.3
205		 -
0		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 15.7
439		 53.6
1,501		 7.4
206		 15.5
435		 7.8
218		 -
2		 -
16		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 14.5
400		 53.8
1,485		 7.3
202		 16.1
443		 8.3
230		 -
5		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 12.9
364		 51.0
1,435		 8.0
224		 18.0
507		 10.0
281		 -
1		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 15.3
691		 50.4
2,273		 8.4
377		 16.9
763		 8.9
403		 -
0		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 14.7
297		 49.6
1,003		 8.6
173		 17.6
355		 9.6
194		 -
1		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 14.9
305		 49.0
1,001		 7.1
145		 18.3
375		 10.7
218		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 14.6
288		 49.4
976		 7.6
151		 17.9
354		 10.4
205		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 13.0
330		 50.0
1,269		 7.3
186		 18.6
472		 11.1
281		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 11.5
328		 51.1
1,461		 7.6
216		 18.7
536		 11.1
318		 -
0		 -
8		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 11.2
262		 50.2
1,178		 8.3
196		 19.8
465		 10.5
247		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 6.1
246		 39.8
1,597		 9.2
370		 25.8
1,036		 19.0
760		 -
14		 -
0		 -
9		 100.0
4,032
2022 10.1
359		 46.7
1,654		 8.9
317		 20.8
737		 13.5
477		 -
0		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
3,544
2024 9.3
306		 45.6
1,506		 9.0
299		 21.8
721		 14.3
474		 -
3		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
3,309
COL TOTAL 19.2
14,498		 50.3
37,952		 6.2
4,654		 15.9
11,969		 8.5
6,427		 -
47		 -
143		 -
9		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
padegFather's (or oldest same-sex parent's) highest degree
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S FATHER'S (SUBSTITUTE FATHER'S) DEGREE
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 padeg
0
less than high school		 1
high school		 2
associate/junior college		 3
bachelor's		 4
graduate		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 68.6
775		 23.3
263		 .0
0		 4.5
51		 3.5
40		 -
104		 -
235		 -
145		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 67.6
784		 23.8
276		 .5
6		 5.3
61		 2.8
32		 -
90		 -
151		 -
104		 -
0		 100.0
1,504
1974 66.9
781		 25.3
296		 .8
9		 3.8
44		 3.3
38		 -
116		 -
182		 -
18		 -
0		 100.0
1,484
1975 66.4
802		 26.8
324		 .3
4		 4.1
50		 2.3
28		 -
125		 -
151		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 66.2
774		 25.7
301		 .5
6		 4.5
53		 3.0
35		 -
132		 -
186		 -
12		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 68.3
803		 24.2
285		 .7
8		 3.5
41		 3.3
39		 -
149		 -
193		 -
12		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 63.5
772		 28.1
341		 .7
8		 4.6
56		 3.1
38		 -
105		 -
205		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 59.4
666		 30.2
339		 .4
5		 5.0
56		 5.0
56		 -
101		 -
230		 -
15		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 61.2
829		 29.2
395		 .7
10		 5.3
72		 3.5
48		 -
195		 -
296		 -
15		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 55.7
707		 32.0
406		 .7
9		 7.0
89		 4.6
59		 -
117		 -
207		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 57.3
669		 30.7
359		 1.3
15		 7.0
82		 3.7
43		 -
99		 -
202		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 54.9
683		 32.4
403		 .8
10		 7.2
89		 4.7
59		 -
96		 -
194		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 55.4
631		 33.0
376		 1.0
11		 7.2
82		 3.5
40		 -
103		 -
222		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 56.3
783		 30.1
418		 1.2
17		 7.2
100		 5.2
73		 -
122		 -
291		 -
15		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 54.2
648		 31.6
378		 1.1
13		 6.9
83		 6.2
74		 -
91		 -
189		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 54.1
671		 31.4
390		 1.9
24		 7.5
93		 5.1
63		 -
95		 -
197		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 49.0
535		 37.8
413		 1.4
15		 7.1
77		 4.8
52		 -
72		 -
191		 -
17		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 50.3
600		 34.9
416		 1.6
19		 8.6
103		 4.6
55		 -
93		 -
205		 -
26		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 46.4
597		 35.5
457		 2.0
26		 10.2
131		 5.9
76		 -
98		 -
197		 -
24		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 43.9
1,007		 37.5
860		 2.4
55		 9.9
226		 6.4
146		 -
189		 -
492		 -
17		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 40.1
874		 40.0
872		 2.2
48		 10.4
227		 7.3
160		 -
201		 -
502		 -
20		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 40.2
857		 38.1
812		 2.2
48		 12.3
263		 7.2
154		 -
176		 -
503		 -
19		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 41.0
847		 39.1
808		 2.5
51		 10.9
226		 6.4
133		 -
195		 -
518		 -
39		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 38.8
814		 41.4
867		 3.2
68		 9.9
208		 6.6
139		 -
129		 -
526		 -
14		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 35.2
765		 41.4
898		 3.2
70		 11.9
259		 8.2
179		 -
126		 -
514		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 37.9
893		 40.0
943		 3.1
73		 10.9
256		 8.2
193		 -
84		 -
2,049		 -
19		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 34.6
538		 43.7
679		 2.4
38		 12.0
187		 7.1
111		 -
109		 -
354		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 35.6
561		 42.6
671		 2.5
40		 10.4
164		 8.8
138		 -
95		 -
370		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 34.9
531		 41.1
625		 3.9
59		 11.8
180		 8.3
127		 -
116		 -
333		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 31.8
619		 43.8
852		 3.4
66		 12.9
252		 8.1
157		 -
128		 -
459		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 30.6
663		 46.6
1,010		 3.0
64		 12.6
273		 7.3
159		 -
143		 -
550		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 30.1
532		 45.3
799		 4.0
70		 11.7
206		 9.0
158		 -
116		 -
464		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 23.3
735		 47.2
1,489		 2.9
93		 15.9
502		 10.7
339		 -
305		 -
563		 -
3		 -
3		 100.0
4,032
2022 25.4
663		 45.2
1,181		 3.6
93		 14.6
381		 11.3
295		 -
333		 -
597		 -
0		 -
1		 100.0
3,544
2024 30.2
799		 43.8
1,156		 3.7
97		 12.9
342		 9.4
248		 -
50		 -
617		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
3,309
COL TOTAL 44.1
25,208		 37.4
21,358		 2.2
1,248		 9.7
5,565		 6.6
3,784		 -
4,598		 -
13,335		 -
599		 -
4		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
madegMother's (or youngest same-sex parent's) highest degree
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S MOTHER'S (SUBSTITUTE MOTHER'S) DEGREE
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 madeg
0
less than high school		 1
high school		 2
associate/junior college		 3
bachelor's		 4
graduate		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 64.5
832		 30.2
390		 1.2
16		 3.0
39		 1.0
13		 -
96		 -
80		 -
147		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 61.4
768		 33.2
415		 1.0
12		 3.3
41		 1.1
14		 -
76		 -
67		 -
111		 -
0		 100.0
1,504
1974 62.4
817		 32.1
420		 1.0
13		 3.4
44		 1.2
16		 -
98		 -
55		 -
21		 -
0		 100.0
1,484
1975 60.4
796		 34.2
451		 .8
11		 3.9
51		 .6
8		 -
125		 -
38		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 62.4
811		 32.5
422		 1.0
13		 3.5
45		 .7
9		 -
136		 -
51		 -
12		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 61.0
807		 33.1
437		 1.1
14		 3.6
48		 1.2
16		 -
141		 -
53		 -
14		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 56.6
781		 37.1
512		 2.0
27		 3.6
49		 .8
11		 -
92		 -
51		 -
9		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 55.9
727		 37.5
488		 .8
10		 4.2
55		 1.5
20		 -
88		 -
62		 -
18		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 55.8
889		 36.4
579		 1.3
21		 5.2
82		 1.3
21		 -
181		 -
66		 -
21		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 51.3
743		 40.9
593		 1.2
18		 5.2
76		 1.3
19		 -
99		 -
48		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 50.1
659		 42.9
564		 1.5
20		 4.3
57		 1.2
16		 -
85		 -
68		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 48.6
672		 41.9
580		 1.8
25		 5.3
73		 2.4
33		 -
84		 -
67		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 48.6
640		 43.3
570		 1.5
20		 5.5
73		 1.1
14		 -
101		 -
47		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 49.6
808		 40.7
664		 2.0
32		 5.2
85		 2.5
41		 -
109		 -
61		 -
19		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 47.6
647		 43.7
594		 2.1
28		 5.2
70		 1.4
19		 -
83		 -
37		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 47.1
664		 42.2
595		 2.4
34		 6.0
85		 2.3
33		 -
81		 -
41		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 44.4
556		 44.9
562		 2.6
32		 6.4
80		 1.8
22		 -
69		 -
32		 -
19		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 43.4
578		 47.0
626		 2.1
28		 5.4
72		 2.0
27		 -
69		 -
45		 -
72		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 39.5
571		 48.3
697		 3.0
43		 7.1
103		 2.1
30		 -
100		 -
41		 -
21		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 38.6
1,031		 48.7
1,299		 3.0
80		 7.0
186		 2.7
72		 -
172		 -
135		 -
17		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 33.8
869		 50.9
1,308		 3.7
94		 8.3
213		 3.3
84		 -
188		 -
123		 -
25		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 34.2
850		 48.7
1,212		 4.4
109		 9.3
232		 3.5
86		 -
175		 -
124		 -
44		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 35.7
887		 48.1
1,194		 4.2
104		 8.8
219		 3.2
79		 -
168		 -
132		 -
34		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 31.4
779		 52.0
1,289		 4.8
119		 8.5
210		 3.2
80		 -
103		 -
168		 -
17		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 31.3
791		 48.1
1,214		 5.5
138		 10.7
270		 4.4
112		 -
120		 -
166		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 34.0
924		 46.7
1,267		 5.1
139		 9.7
263		 4.5
122		 -
78		 -
1,687		 -
30		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 31.1
573		 50.3
928		 5.1
94		 10.0
185		 3.5
64		 -
95		 -
83		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 32.2
606		 49.1
924		 4.4
83		 9.6
180		 4.7
89		 -
83		 -
78		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 30.8
563		 47.5
866		 6.0
110		 10.4
189		 5.3
97		 -
83		 -
65		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 29.6
698		 49.2
1,160		 5.9
139		 9.7
228		 5.6
131		 -
99		 -
83		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 27.6
736		 50.6
1,349		 5.4
144		 10.9
292		 5.5
146		 -
97		 -
101		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 27.2
589		 48.3
1,048		 6.5
141		 12.5
272		 5.4
118		 -
95		 -
84		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 19.0
698		 54.9
2,019		 6.0
220		 13.2
486		 6.9
255		 -
247		 -
100		 -
1		 -
6		 100.0
4,032
2022 22.2
696		 49.7
1,561		 6.3
197		 14.3
449		 7.5
237		 -
326		 -
78		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
3,544
2024 26.3
814		 48.3
1,492		 6.0
187		 13.0
402		 6.4
197		 -
46		 -
170		 -
0		 -
1		 100.0
3,309
COL TOTAL 38.9
25,870		 45.5
30,289		 3.8
2,515		 8.3
5,504		 3.5
2,351		 -
4,088		 -
4,387		 -
688		 -
7		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
spdegSpouse's highest degree
Text of this Question or Item 
RESPONDENT'S SPOUSE'S DEGREE
Cells contain:
-Valid row pct.
-N of cases		 spdeg
0
less than high school		 1
high school		 2
associate/junior college		 3
bachelor's		 4
graduate		 .d
don't know		 .i
iap		 .n
no answer		 .s
skipped on web		 ROW
TOTAL
year 1972 36.3
403		 51.2
568		 .9
10		 8.3
92		 3.3
37		 -
15		 -
453		 -
35		 -
0		 100.0
1,613
1973 36.0
379		 47.5
500		 1.9
20		 9.5
100		 5.0
53		 -
2		 -
428		 -
22		 -
0		 100.0
1,504
1974 35.3
373		 49.8
526		 1.9
20		 9.0
95		 4.0
42		 -
5		 -
419		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,484
1975 31.6
315		 52.5
524		 1.7
17		 9.2
92		 5.0
50		 -
3		 -
488		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,490
1976 34.7
336		 49.8
483		 2.2
21		 8.2
79		 5.2
50		 -
2		 -
525		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,499
1977 33.0
319		 49.5
478		 2.8
27		 10.0
97		 4.7
45		 -
4		 -
555		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,530
1978 28.2
268		 53.5
508		 3.1
29		 9.5
90		 5.8
55		 -
7		 -
571		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,532
1980 28.4
250		 53.2
469		 2.7
24		 9.3
82		 6.4
56		 -
2		 -
579		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
1,468
1982 27.7
272		 53.1
521		 2.4
24		 11.7
115		 5.1
50		 -
8		 -
867		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,860
1983 22.5
216		 55.7
535		 3.5
34		 12.2
117		 6.0
58		 -
4		 -
634		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,599
1984 23.5
194		 55.6
459		 3.6
30		 11.5
95		 5.8
48		 -
2		 -
644		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,473
1985 23.3
202		 54.1
469		 5.5
48		 11.4
99		 5.7
49		 -
3		 -
663		 -
1		 -
0		 100.0
1,534
1986 22.2
183		 53.5
440		 4.6
38		 13.9
114		 5.8
48		 -
3		 -
644		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,470
1987 21.2
191		 55.5
501		 3.9
35		 13.6
123		 5.8
52		 -
9		 -
903		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,819
1988 19.1
150		 59.0
463		 3.8
30		 10.8
85		 7.3
57		 -
3		 -
693		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,481
1989 20.4
171		 54.5
457		 5.1
43		 13.7
115		 6.3
53		 -
4		 -
690		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,537
1990 18.8
135		 54.2
390		 4.4
32		 14.9
107		 7.8
56		 -
2		 -
645		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
1,372
1991 19.3
153		 54.9
436		 4.2
33		 16.1
128		 5.5
44		 -
6		 -
713		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
1,517
1993 15.6
133		 53.3
454		 5.2
44		 17.4
148		 8.5
72		 -
5		 -
747		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
1,606
1994 14.0
214		 53.5
817		 6.7
102		 18.2
278		 7.5
115		 -
5		 -
1,451		 -
10		 -
0		 100.0
2,992
1996 13.6
189		 54.4
753		 7.1
99		 15.7
218		 9.1
126		 -
2		 -
1,514		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,904
1998 13.0
173		 52.2
693		 7.8
103		 17.9
237		 9.1
121		 -
12		 -
1,487		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,832
2000 14.2
179		 52.6
665		 7.5
95		 16.5
209		 9.2
116		 -
9		 -
1,538		 -
6		 -
0		 100.0
2,817
2002 11.8
149		 51.8
653		 6.6
83		 19.1
241		 10.7
135		 -
8		 -
1,496		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
2,765
2004 10.6
156		 49.9
733		 7.8
115		 19.9
292		 11.8
173		 -
5		 -
1,333		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,812
2006 15.6
219		 45.7
640		 8.6
121		 19.6
274		 10.5
147		 -
7		 -
3,095		 -
7		 -
0		 100.0
4,510
2008 10.0
97		 51.6
499		 7.3
71		 20.2
195		 10.9
105		 -
5		 -
1,046		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,023
2010 11.6
103		 49.0
435		 7.7
68		 19.9
177		 11.8
105		 -
2		 -
1,152		 -
2		 -
0		 100.0
2,044
2012 13.0
117		 49.4
444		 6.2
56		 18.8
169		 12.5
112		 -
2		 -
1,074		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
1,974
2014 11.2
129		 45.8
529		 7.7
89		 20.6
238		 14.6
169		 -
4		 -
1,376		 -
4		 -
0		 100.0
2,538
2016 9.4
113		 48.0
578		 7.4
89		 21.7
261		 13.5
163		 -
6		 -
1,654		 -
3		 -
0		 100.0
2,867
2018 11.3
112		 44.6
443		 8.0
79		 22.3
221		 13.9
138		 -
2		 -
1,348		 -
5		 -
0		 100.0
2,348
2021 7.7
151		 39.0
769		 7.4
146		 26.2
517		 19.7
388		 -
19		 -
2,029		 -
0		 -
13		 100.0
4,032
2022 7.6
110		 42.7
618		 7.3
106		 23.4
339		 18.9
273		 -
21		 -
2,074		 -
2		 -
1		 100.0
3,544
2024 8.2
111		 39.1
527		 9.2
124		 25.6
345		 17.9
241		 -
4		 -
1,957		 -
0		 -
0		 100.0
3,309
COL TOTAL 18.4
6,965		 50.2
18,977		 5.6
2,105		 16.3
6,184		 9.5
3,602		 -
202		 -
37,485		 -
165		 -
14		 100.0
75,699
Properties
Data type: numeric
Missing-data codes: .d,.i,.j,.m,.n,.p,.r,.s,.u,.x,.y,.z
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