1972-1994 General Social Survey Cumulative File


Religious Beliefs


godchnge           DESCRIBE YOUR BELIEFS ABOUT GOD

     Which best describes your beliefs about God?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       2.0     24      1  DON'T BELIEVE NOW, NEVER HAVE
       3.9     47      2  DON'T BELIEVE NOW, USED TO
       5.2     63      3  BELIEVE NOW, DIDN'T USED TO
      88.9   1074      4  BELIEVE NOW, ALWAYS HAVE
              127      8  DK
               24      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2724


afterlif           BELIEF IN LIFE AFTER DEATH

     Do you believe in: A. Life after death.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      55.0    674      1  YES, DEFINITELY
      22.7    278      2  YES, PROBABLY
      12.2    150      3  NO, PROBABLY NOT
      10.0    123      4  NO, DEFINITELY NOT
               94      8  DK
               40      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2725


devil              BELIEF IN THE DEVIL

     B. The Devil.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      45.4    550      1  YES, DEFINITELY
      20.0    242      2  YES, PROBABLY
      16.8    204      3  NO, PROBABLY NOT
      17.8    216      4  NO, DEFINITELY NOT
               65      8  DK
               82      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2726


heaven             BELIEF IN HEAVEN

     C. Heaven.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      63.1    776      1  YES, DEFINITELY
      22.4    275      2  YES, PROBABLY
       9.4    115      3  NO, PROBABLY NOT
       5.1     63      4  NO, DEFINITELY NOT
               68      8  DK
               62      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2727


hell               BELIEF IN HELL

     D. Hell.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      49.6    597      1  YES, DEFINITELY
      21.3    256      2  YES, PROBABLY
      15.7    189      3  NO, PROBABLY NOT
      13.5    162      4  NO, DEFINITELY NOT
               72      8  DK
               83      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2728


miracles           BELIEF IN RELIGIOUS MIRACLES

     E. Religious miracles.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      45.6    543      1  YES, DEFINITELY
      27.8    331      2  YES, PROBABLY
      16.2    193      3  NO, PROBABLY NOT
      10.3    123      4  NO, DEFINITELY NOT
               95      8  DK
               74      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2729


bible1             DESCRIBE YOUR FEELINGS ABOUT THE BIBLE

     Which of these statements comes closest to describing
     your feelings about the Bible? 1. The Bible is the
     actual word of God and it is to be taken literally. 2.
     The Bible is the inspired word of God but not
     everything should be taken literally, word for word.
     3. The Bible is an ancient book of fables, legends,
     history, and moral precepts recorded by man. 4. This
     does not apply to me.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      33.5    430      1  WORD OF GOD, TAKE LITERALLY
      49.8    639      2  GOD-INSPIRED, SHOULDN'T TAKE LITERALLY
      14.6    188      3  BOOK OF FABLES, BY MAN
       2.1     27      4  THIS DOES NOT APPLY TO ME
               50      8  DK
               25      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2730


theism             GOD CONCERNED WITH HUMAN BEINGS PERSONAL

     Do you agree or disagree with the following: A. There
     is a God who concerns Himself with every human being
     personally.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      47.0    585      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      26.8    333      2  AGREE
      16.0    199      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
       5.8     72      4  DISAGREE
       4.4     55      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               65      8  DK
               50      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2731


fatalism           PEOPLE CAN'T CHANGE THE COURSE OF THEIR

     B. There is little that people can do to change the
     course of their lives.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       4.4     55      1  STRONGLY AGREE
       9.0    113      2  AGREE
       8.2    104      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      41.6    525      4  DISAGREE
      36.8    464      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               33      8  DK
               65      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2732


godmeans           LIFE MEANINGFUL BECAUSE GOD EXISTS

     C. To me, life is meaningful only because God exists.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      24.1    298      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      24.6    305      2  AGREE
      25.2    312      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      15.3    190      4  DISAGREE
      10.7    133      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               58      8  DK
               63      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2733


nihilism           LIFE SERVES NO PURPOSE

     D. In my opinion, life does not serve any purpose.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       1.1     14      1  STRONGLY AGREE
       2.3     29      2  AGREE
       4.6     57      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      34.1    423      4  DISAGREE
      57.9    718      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               41      8  DK
               77      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2734


predeter           GOD DECIDES THE COURSE OF OUR LIVES

     E. The course of our lives is decided by God.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      18.6    229      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      20.9    258      2  AGREE
      22.0    272      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      22.1    273      4  DISAGREE
      16.4    202      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               65      8  DK
               60      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2735


egomeans           LIFE MEANINGFUL ONLY IF YOU PROVIDE MEAN

     F. Life is only meaningful if you provide the meaning
     yourself.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      22.5    280      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      38.3    476      2  AGREE
      15.0    186      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      15.5    192      4  DISAGREE
       8.7    108      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               49      8  DK
               68      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2736


ownfate            WE EACH MAKE OUR OWN FATE

     G. We each make our own fate.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      21.4    266      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      41.7    517      2  AGREE
      20.5    254      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      11.7    145      4  DISAGREE
       4.8     59      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               50      8  DK
               68      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2737


relexper           TURNING POINT IN LIFE FOR RELIGION

     Has there ever been a turning point in your life when
     you made a new and personal commitment to religion?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      46.8    615      1  YES
      53.2    698      2  NO
                3      8  DK
               43      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 2

     Input location: 1/2738


Parent's Religion


marelkid           MOTHERS RELIGION WHEN R WAS CHILD

     What was your mother's religious preference when you
     were a child? Was it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish,
     some other religion, or no religion?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      63.1    810      1  PROTESTANT
      30.2    388      2  CATHOLIC
       2.3     30      3  JEWISH
       0.6      8      4  ORTHODOX GREEK, RUSSIAN, ETC
       0.2      3      5  MOSLEM
       1.3     17      6  OTHER -SPECIFY
       2.2     28      7  NO RELIGION
               54      8  DK
               21      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 7

     Input location: 1/2739


madenkid           IF PROTESTANT, MOTHER'S DENOMINATION

     If Protestant, what specific denomination was that?

     32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 10000     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 70000

     Input location: 1/2740-2744


parelkid           FATHER'S RELIGION WHEN R WAS CHILD

     What was your father's religious preference when you
     were a child? Was it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish,
     some other religion, or no religion?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      57.7    704      1  PROTESTANT
      30.2    368      2  CATHOLIC
       2.6     32      3  JEWISH
       0.7      9      4  ORTHODOX GREEK, RUSSIAN, ETC
       0.3      4      5  MOSLEM
       1.1     14      6  OTHER -SPECIFY
       7.3     89      7  NO RELIGION
              114      8  DK
               25      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 7

     Input location: 1/2745


padenkid           IF PROTESTANT, FATHER'S DENOMINATION

     If Protestant, what specific denomination was that?

     32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 10000     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 70000

     Input location: 1/2746-2750


Own Religious Upbringing & Spouse's Religion


religkid           RELIGION R WAS RAISED IN

     What religion, if any, were you raised in? Was it
     Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion, or
     no religion?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      61.8    813      1  PROTESTANT
      30.0    395      2  CATHOLIC
       2.2     29      3  JEWISH
       0.6      8      4  ORTHODOX GREEK, RUSSIAN, ETC
       0.2      3      5  MOSLEM
       1.6     21      6  OTHER -SPECIFY
       3.5     46      7  NO RELIGION
               24      8  DK
               20      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 7

     Input location: 1/2751


denkid             IF PROTESTANT, DENOMINATION R RAISED IN

     If Protestant, what specific denomination was that?

     32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 10000     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 70000

     Input location: 1/2752-2756


religsp            R'S SPOUSE'S RELIGION

     What is your husband's/wife's religious preference? Is
     it Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, some other religion,
     or no religion?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      59.5    413      1  PROTESTANT
      29.8    207      2  CATHOLIC
       2.3     16      3  JEWISH
       0.1      1      4  ORTHODOX GREEK, RUSSIAN, ETC
       0.1      1      5  MOSLEM
       1.3      9      6  OTHER -SPECIFY
       6.8     47      7  NO RELIGION
               12      8  DK
               12      9  NA
            31662      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 7

     Input location: 1/2757


densp              IF PROTESTANT, R'S SPOUSE'S DENOMINATION

     If Protestant, what specific denomination was that?

     32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 10000     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 70000

     Input location: 1/2758-2762


Childhood and Current Religious Participation


attendma           FREQ OF R'S MOM'S RELIG SVC ATTENDANCE

     When you were a child, how often did your mother
     attend religious services?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       4.2     51      1  NEVER
       4.3     52      2  LESS THAN ONCE A YR
       6.8     82      3  ABOUT ONCE OR TWICE A YR
      11.6    140      4  SEVERAL TIMES A YR
       4.0     48      5  ABOUT ONCE A MONTH
      10.4    126      6  2-3 TIMES A MONTH
      17.8    215      7  NEARLY EVERY WEEK
      30.5    368      8  EVERY WEEK
       9.5    114      9  SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK
       0.8     10     10  NO FATHER-MOTHER PRESENT
               96     98  CANT SAY or CANT REMEMBER
               57     99  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min:  1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 10

     Input location: 1/2763-2764


attendpa           FREQ OF R'S DAD'S RELIG SVC ATTENDANCE

     When you were a child, how often did your father
     attend religious services?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      13.0    155      1  NEVER
       7.8     93      2  LESS THAN ONCE A YR
      10.3    123      3  ABOUT ONCE OR TWICE A YR
      11.1    132      4  SEVERAL TIMES A YR
       5.0     60      5  ABOUT ONCE A MONTH
       8.7    103      6  2-3 TIMES A MONTH
      12.6    150      7  NEARLY EVERY WEEK
      22.5    267      8  EVERY WEEK
       5.3     63      9  SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK
       3.6     43     10  NO FATHER-MOTHER PRESENT
              134     98  CANT SAY or CANT REMEMBER
               36     99  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min:  1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 10

     Input location: 1/2765-2766


attend12           FREQ OF R'S RELIG SVC ATTENDANCE AT AGE

     And what about when you were around 11 or 12, how
     often did you attend religious services then?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       4.1     53      1  NEVER
       2.4     31      2  LESS THAN ONCE A YR
       4.8     62      3  ABOUT ONCE OR TWICE A YR
       8.7    113      4  SEVERAL TIMES A YR
       3.9     50      5  ABOUT ONCE A MONTH
      10.1    131      6  2-3 TIMES A MONTH
      23.0    299      7  NEARLY EVERY WEEK
      33.5    435      8  EVERY WEEK
       9.6    124      9  SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK
               37     98  CANT SAY or CANT REMEMBER
               24     99  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 9

     Input location: 1/2767-2768


prayfreq           HOW OFTEN DOES R PRAY

     Now thinking about the present, about how often do you
     pray?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       7.9    105      1  NEVER
       2.8     37      2  LESS THAN ONCE A YEAR
       5.5     73      3  ABOUT ONCE OR TWICE A YEAR
       8.3    110      4  SEVERAL TIMES A YEAR
       4.9     65      5  ABOUT ONCE A MONTH
       5.4     71      6  2-3 TIMES A MONTH
       5.8     77      7  NEARLY EVERY WEEK
       4.6     61      8  EVERY WEEK
      12.5    166      9  SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK
      21.8    289     10  ONCE A DAY
      20.5    271     11  SEVERAL TIMES A DAY
                1     98  DK
               33     99  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min:  1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 11

     Input location: 1/2769-2770


relactiv           HOW OFTEN DOES R TAKE PART IN RELIG ACTI

     How often do you take part in the activities and
     organizations of a church or place of worship other
     than attending services?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      38.1    507      1  NEVER
      12.0    160      2  LESS THAN ONCE A YEAR
      12.9    171      3  ABOUT ONCE OR TWICE A YEAR
       9.6    128      4  SEVERAL TIMES A YEAR
       6.2     83      5  ABOUT ONCE A MONTH
       6.2     82      6  2-3 TIMES A MONTH
       4.6     61      7  NEARLY EVERY WEEK
       6.7     89      8  EVERY WEEK
       3.6     48      9  SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK
               30     99  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 9

     Input location: 1/2771-2772


feelrel            HOW RELIGIOUS IS R

     Would you describe yourself as:

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       4.7     61      1  EXTREMELY RELIGIOUS
      21.7    284      2  VERY RELIGIOUS
      47.5    620      3  SOMEWHAT RELIGIOUS
      16.8    219      4  NEITHER
       4.0     52      5  SOMEWHAT NON-RELIGIOUS
       2.9     38      6  VERY RELIGIOUS
       2.5     32      7  EXTREMELY NON-RELIGIOUS
               28      8  DK
               25      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 7

     Input location: 1/2773


Religion's Role in Society


schlpray           SHOULD THERE BE DAILY PRAYER IN PUBLIC S

     In your opinion, should there be daily prayers in all
     public schools?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      38.7    466      1  YES, DEFINITELY
      24.9    300      2  YES, PROBABLY
      16.7    201      3  NO, PROBABLY
      19.6    236      4  NO, DEFINITELY
              135      8  DK
               21      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2775


godright           GOD'S LAWS SHOULD DECIDE RIGHT AND WRONG

     Do you agree or disagree with the following
     statements: A. Right and wrong should be based on
     God's laws.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      28.5    358      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      28.7    361      2  AGREE
      21.4    269      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      12.3    155      4  DISAGREE
       9.1    115      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               60      8  DK
               41      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2776


socright           SOCIETY'S LAWS SHOULD DECIDE RIGHT AND W

     B. Right and wrong should be decided by society.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       9.2    113      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      34.2    418      2  AGREE
      25.3    309      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      19.7    241      4  DISAGREE
      11.6    142      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               59      8  DK
               77      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2777


perright           CONSCIENCE SHOULD DECIDE RIGHT AND WRONG

     C. Right and wrong should be a matter of personal
     conscience.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      14.7    180      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      32.0    393      2  AGREE
      20.8    255      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      17.2    211      4  DISAGREE
      15.3    188      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
               60      8  DK
               72      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2778


antirel            ANTI-RELIGIOUS MATERIAL SHOULD BE BANNED

     Some books or films offend people who have strong
     religious beliefs. Should books and films that attack
     religions be prohibited by law or should they be
     allowed?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      15.6    184      1  DEFINITELY SHOULD
      17.9    211      2  PROBABLY SHOULD
      34.7    409      3  PROBABLY SHOULD NOT
      31.7    373      4  DEFINITELY SHOULD NOT
              158      8  DK
               24      9  NA
            31021      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2779


1993 ISSP MODULE: ENVIRONMENT


National Priorities


obeythnk           SHOULD CHLDRN BE OBEDIENT OR THINK FOR S

     Which of the these would you say is more important in
     preparing children for life?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      31.2   1262      1  TO BE OBEDIENT
      68.8   2785      2  TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES
              235      8  DK
              108      9  NA
            27990      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 2

     Input location: 1/2785


privent            PRIVATE ENTERPRISE WILL SOLVE U.S. PROBL

     How much do you agree or disagree with each of these
     statements? Private enterprise is the best way to
     solve America's economic problems.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      16.7    450      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      38.6   1043      2  AGREE
      30.8    832      3  NEITHER AGREE NOR DISAGREE
      12.6    340      4  DISAGREE
       1.4     37      5  STRONGLY DISAGREE
              174      8  DK
               67      9  NA
            29437      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/2786


postmat1           HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR AMERICA

     Looking at the list below, please check a box next to
     the one thing you think should be America's highest
     priority, the most important thing it should do.
     America should: 1. Maintain order in the nation; 2.
     Give people more say in government decisions; 3. Fight
     rising prices; 4. Protect freedom of speech.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      34.9    923      1  MAINTAIN ORDER
      37.0    980      2  GIVE PEOPLE MORE SAY
      17.2    456      3  CONTROL PRICES
      10.8    287      4  PROTECT FREE SPEECH
              198      8  DK
               99      9  NA
            29437      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2787


postmat2           2ND HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR AMERICA

     And which one do you think should be America's next
     highest priority, the second most important thing it
     should do? America should:


       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      28.7    744      1  MAINTAIN ORDER
      29.9    775      2  GIVE PEOPLE MORE SAY
      23.3    604      3  CONTROL PRICES
      18.0    465      4  PROTECT FREE SPEECH
              256      8  DK
               99      9  NA
            29437      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 4

     Input location: 1/2788



1972-1994 General Social Survey Cumulative File