1972-1994 General Social Survey Cumulative File


Economic Equality


equal1             EVERYONE SHOULD LOOK OUT FOR SELF

     On these cards are some opinions about the government
     and the economy. For each one I'd like you to tell me
     whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat
     disagree or strongly disagree. In our society everyone
     must look out for himself. It is of little use to
     unite with others and fight for one's goals in
     politics or in unions.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       8.2    117      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      24.0    341      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      35.0    497      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      32.7    465      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               34      8  NO OPINION
               19      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/318


equal2             BUSINESS PROFITS BENEFIT ALL

     The economy can run only if businessmen make good
     profits. That benefits everyone in the end.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      24.6    348      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      45.7    647      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      21.3    301      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
       8.4    119      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               43      8  NO OPINION
               15      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/319


equal3             GOVT SHLD INSURE JOBS AND STABLE PRICES

     The government must see to it that everyone has a job
     and that prices are stable, even if the rights of
     businessmen have to be restricted.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      14.3    204      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      29.9    426      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      34.2    487      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      21.6    307      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               32      8  NO OPINION
               17      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/320


equal4             RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVT TO MEET NEEDS

     It is the responsibility of government to meet
     everyone's needs, even in case of sickness, poverty,
     unemployment, and old age.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      21.5    308      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      35.8    514      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      29.3    420      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      13.4    192      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               20      8  NO OPINION
               19      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/321


equal5             SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS ARE DISINCENTIVE

     If social welfare benefits such as disability,
     unemployment compensation, and early retirement
     pensions are as high as they are now, it only makes
     people not want to work anymore.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      13.2    188      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      32.8    466      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      34.1    484      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      19.9    283      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               31      8  NO OPINION
               21      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/322


equal6             ONE IS ABLE TO LIVE WELL IN AMERICA

     All in all, one can live well in America.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      45.0    646      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      42.1    605      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
       9.5    136      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
       3.4     49      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               11      8  NO OPINION
               26      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/323


equal7             BUSINESS PROFITS ARE DISTRIBUTED FAIRLY

     Generally speaking, business profits are distributed
     fairly in the United States.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       4.8     66      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      31.1    427      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      40.4    554      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      23.7    325      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               79      8  NO OPINION
               22      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/324


equal8             SOCIAL STANDING DUE TO ABILITY

     If someone has a high social or economic position,
     that indicates the person has special abilities or
     great accomplishments.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      12.2    172      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      37.7    531      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      32.0    450      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      18.1    254      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               48      8  NO OPINION
               18      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/325


Class Structure


usclass1           TRADITIONAL CLASS DIVISIONS STILL REMAIN

     Here are different opinions about social differences
     in this country. Please tell me for each one whether
     you stornly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree,
     or strongly disagree. READ EACH STATEMENT. In the
     United States traditional divisions between owners and
     workers still remain. A person's social standing
     depends upon whether he/she belongs to the upper or
     lower class.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      16.5    230      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      53.8    750      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      23.2    323      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
       6.6     92      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               51      8  NO OPINION
               27      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/326


usclass2           ACHIEVEMENT DEPENDS ON FAMILY BACKGROUND

     In the United States there are still great differences
     between social levels, and what one can achieve in
     life depends mainly upon one's family background.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       9.4    133      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      35.7    508      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      33.0    469      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      21.9    312      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               26      8  NO OPINION
               25      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/327


usclass3           ACHIEVEMENT DEPENDS ON EDUC AND ABILITY

     America has an open society. What one achieves in life
     no longer depends on one's family background, but on
     the abilities one has and the education one acquires.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      40.2    573      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      44.8    639      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      13.4    191      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
       1.7     24      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               21      8  NO OPINION
               25      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/328


usclass4           ONES OWN EFFORTS DONT COUNT

     What one gets in life hardly depends at all on one's
     own efforts, but rather on the economic situation, job
     opportunities, union agreements, and the social
     services provided by the government.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       7.9    112      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      34.6    490      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      36.2    512      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      21.3    301      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               31      8  NO OPINION
               27      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/329


usclass5           PERSONAL INCOME NOT DETERMINED BY WORK

     Personal income should not be determined solely by
     one's work. Rather, everybody should get what he/she
     needs to provide a decent life for his/her family.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      11.5    163      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      22.3    316      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      34.8    492      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      31.4    444      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               29      8  NO OPINION
               29      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/331


usclass6           DIFFERENCES IN CLASS ARE AN INCENTIVE

     Only if differences in income and social standing are
     large enough is ther an incentive for individual
     effort.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      11.3    154      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      48.1    653      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      30.3    411      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      10.2    139      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               90      8  NO OPINION
               26      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/332


usclass7           DIFFERENCES IN CLASS REFLECT OWN EFFORT

     Differences in social standing between people are
     acceptable because they basically reflect what people
     made out of the opportunities they had.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      17.4    243      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      56.9    794      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      20.7    289      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
       4.9     69      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               51      8  NO OPINION
               27      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/333


usclass8           SOCIAL DIFFERENCES ARE ACCEPTABLE

     All in all, I think social differences in this country
     are justified.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
       8.6    120      1  STRONGLY AGREE
      45.4    631      2  SOMEWHAT AGREE
      34.1    474      3  SOMEWHT DISAGREE
      11.8    164      4  STRNGLY DISAGREE
               58      8  NO OPINION
               26      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/334


Social Welfare and Taxation


educop             EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO OBTAIN EDUCATION?

     Does everyone in this country have an opportunity to
     obtain an education corresponding to their abilities
     and talents?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      71.4   1028      1  YES
      28.6    411      2  NO
               22      8  DK
               12      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/336


govcare            GOVT CONCERN FOR SOCIAL WELFARE

     For some time there have been discussions about how
     concerned the government should be about the social
     welfare of people. We have listed here two different
     HAND opinions. With which opinion do you agree the
     most? A. Our system of social services goes much too
     far. It takes too much care of people and deprives
     them of too much individual responsibility. B. Our
     system of social services is on the right track. It
     provides security for the elderly, the sick, and other
     people in distress without depriving people of
     individual responsibility.

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      26.6    367      1  TOO MUCH CARE
      73.4   1013      2  ON RIGHT TRACK
               75      8  DK
               18      9  NA
            30907      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/337


eqwlth             SHOULD GOVT REDUCE INCOME DIFFERENCES

     Some people think that the government in Washington
     ought to reduce the income differences between the
     rich and the poor, perhaps by raising the taxes of
     wealthy families or by giving income assistance to the
     poor. Others think that the government should not
     concern itself with reducing this income difference
     between the rich and the poor. Here is a card with a
     scale from 1 to 7. Think of a score of 1 as meaning
     that the government ought to reduce the income
     differences between rich and poor, and a score of 7
     meaning that the government should not concern itself
     with reducing income differences. What score between 1
     and 7 comes closest to the way you feel?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      19.6   2996      1  GOVT REDUCE DIFF
      10.6   1623      2
      17.3   2633      3
      20.0   3047      4
      12.3   1869      5
       7.4   1129      6
      12.8   1960      7  NO GOVT ACTION
              293      8  DK
               56      9  NA
            16774      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 7

     Input location: 1/338


eqwlthy            GOVT REDUCE INCOME DIFFERENCES-VERSION Y

     Some people think that the income differences between
     the rich and the poor ought to be reduced, perhaps by
     raising the taxes of wealthy families or by giving
     income assistance to the poor. Others think that the
     government should not concern itself with reducing
     this income difference between the rich and the poor.
     Here is a card with a scale from 1 to 7. Think of a
     score of 1 as meaning that the government ought to
     reduce the income differences between rich and poor,
     and a score of 7 meaning that the government should
     not concern itself with reducing income differences.
     What score between 1 and 7 comes closest to the way
     you feel?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      19.4    145      1  GOVT REDUCE DIFF
       8.3     62      2
      19.2    144      3
      22.7    170      4
      11.2     84      5
       8.0     60      6
      11.2     84      7  NO GOVT ACTION
               19      8  DK
                3      9  NA
            31609      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/339


tax                RS FEDERAL INCOME TAX

     Do you consider the amount of federal income tax which
     you have to pay as too high, about right, or too low?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      63.7  11061      1  TOO HIGH
      33.9   5885      2  ABOUT RIGHT
       0.7    128      3  TOO LOW
       1.7    302      4  R PAYS NONE<VOL.>
              640      8  DK
              158      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/340


Free Speech


spkath             ALLOW ANTI-RELIGIONIST TO SPEAK

     There are always some people whose ideas are
     considered bad or dangerous by other people. For
     instance, somebody who is agianst all churches and
     religion... If such a person wanted to make a speech
     in your (city/town/community) against churches and
     religion, should he be allowed to speak, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      67.7  15209      1  ALLOWED
      32.3   7258      2  NOT ALLOWED
              274      8  DK
               34      9  NA
             9605      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Decimals:   0     Max: 2

     Input location: 1/341


colath             ALLOW ANTI-RELIGIONIST TO TEACH

     Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college
     or university, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      46.9  10286      4  ALLOWED
      53.1  11627      5  NOT ALLOWED
              803      8  DK
               59      9  NA
             9605      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/342


libath             ALLOW ANTI-RELIGIOUS BOOK IN LIBRARY

     If some people in your community suggested that a book
     he wrote against churches and religion should be taken
     out of your public library, would you favor removing
     this book, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      35.4   7818      1  REMOVE
      64.6  14288      2  NOT REMOVE
              608      8  DK
               61      9  NA
             9605      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
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     Input location: 1/343


spksoc             ALLOW SOCIALIST TO SPEAK

     Or consider a person who favored government ownership
     of all the railroads and all big industries. If such a
     person wanted to make a speech in your community
     favoring government ownership of all the railroads and
     big industries, should he be allowed to speak, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      79.7   3528      1  ALLOWED
      20.3    896      2  NOT ALLOWED
              175      8  DK
                2      9  NA
            27779      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/344


colsoc             ALLOW SOCIALIST TO TEACH

     Should such a perosn be allowed to teach in a college
     or university, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      60.5   2609      4  ALLOWED
      39.5   1705      5  NOT ALLOWED
              273      8  DK
               14      9  NA
            27779      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/345


libsoc             ALLOW SOCIALISTS BOOK IN LIBRARY

     If some people in your community suggested a book he
     wrote favoring government ownership should be taken
     out of your public library, would you favor removing
     this book, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      26.7   1161      1  REMOVE
      73.3   3181      2  NOT REMOVE
              240      8  DK
               19      9  NA
            27779      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
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     Input location: 1/346


spkrac             ALLOW RACIST TO SPEAK

     Or consider a person who believes that Blacks are
     genetically inferior. If such a person wanted to make
     a speech in you community claiming that Blacks are
     inferior, should he be allowed to speak, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      61.0  10810      1  ALLOWED
      39.0   6901      2  NOT ALLOWED
              400      8  DK
               63      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/347


colrac             ALLOW RACIST TO TEACH

     Should such a perosn be allowed to teach in a college
     or university, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      43.6   7604      4  ALLOWED
      56.4   9827      5  NOT ALLOWED
              678      8  DK
               65      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/348


librac             ALLOW RACISTS BOOK IN LIBRARY

     If some people in your community suggested a book he
     wrote which said that Blacks are inferior should be
     taken out of your public library, would you favor
     removing this book, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      35.6   6240      1  REMOVE
      64.4  11279      2  NOT REMOVE
              593      8  DK
               62      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/349


spkcom             ALLOW COMMUNIST TO SPEAK

     Now, I should like to ask you some questions about a
     man  who admits he is a Communist. Suppose this
     admitted Communist wanted to make a speech in your
     community. Should he be allowed to speak, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      60.8  13444      1  ALLOWED
      39.2   8679      2  NOT ALLOWED
              598      8  DK
               54      9  NA
             9605      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/350


colcom             SHOULD COMMUNIST TEACHER BE FIRED

     Suppose he is teaching in a college. Should he be
     fired, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      52.3  11160      4  FIRED
      47.7  10184      5  NOT FIRED
             1337      8  DK
               94      9  NA
             9605      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/351


libcom             ALLOW COMMUNISTS BOOK IN LIBRARY

     Suppose he wrote a book which is in your public
     library. Somebody in your community suggests that the
     book should be removed from the library. Would you
     favor removing it, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      38.5   8427      1  REMOVE
      61.5  13436      2  NOT REMOVE
              818      8  DK
               94      9  NA
             9605      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 2

     Input location: 1/352


spkmil             ALLOW MILITARIST TO SPEAK

     Consider a person who advocates doing away with
     elections and letting the military run the country. If
     such a person wanted to make a speech in your
     community, should he be allowed to speak, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      58.2  10294      1  ALLOWED
      41.8   7399      2  NOT ALLOWED
              433      8  DK
               48      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/353


colmil             ALLOW MILITARIST TO TEACH

     Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college
     or university, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      41.7   7248      4  ALLOWED
      58.3  10127      5  NOT ALLOWED
              728      8  DK
               71      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Input location: 1/354


libmil             ALLOW MILITARISTS BOOK IN LIBRARY

     Suppose he wrote a book advocating doing away with
     elections and letting the military run the country.
     Somebody in your community suggests that the book be
     removed from the public library. Would you favor
     removing it, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      39.4   6903      1  REMOVE
      60.6  10622      2  NOT REMOVE
              583      8  DK
               66      9  NA
            14206      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

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     Decimals:   0     Max: 2

     Input location: 1/355


spkhomo            ALLOW HOMOSEXUAL TO SPEAK

     And what about a man who admits that he is a
     homosexual. Suppose this admitted homosexual wanted to
     make a speech in your community. Should he be allowed
     to speak, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      70.7  14411      1  ALLOWED
      29.3   5985      2  NOT ALLOWED
              713      8  DK
               53      9  NA
            11218      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
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     Input location: 1/356


colhomo            ALLOW HOMOSEXUAL TO TEACH

     Should such a person be allowed to teach in a college
     or university, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      59.8  12111      4  ALLOWED
      40.2   8137      5  NOT ALLOWED
              850      8  DK
               64      9  NA
            11218      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 4     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 5

     Input location: 1/357


libhomo            ALLOW HOMOSEXUALS BOOK IN LIBRARY

     If some people in your community suggested that a book
     he wrote in favor of homosexuality should be taken out
     of your public library, would you favor removing this
     book, or not?

       PCT      N  VALUE  LABEL
      38.8   7934      1  REMOVE
      61.2  12489      2  NOT REMOVE
              672      8  DK
               67      9  NA
            11218      .  (No Data)
            -----
            32380 cases

     Type: numeric     Min: 1     MD Codes: 0
     Decimals:   0     Max: 2

     Input location: 1/358



1972-1994 General Social Survey Cumulative File